Lady Macbeth Is the Real Villain of Macbeth Essay

Shakespeare’s Macbeth explores the notion of villains through its key characters and throughout the play the audience is left wondering who is actually the ‘real’ villain. Lady Macbeth seems to portray certain characteristics of a villain and appears to have evil intentions and Macbeth is also perceived as a villain due to his violent rampage. Nevertheless, both Macbeth and his wife have a conscience and they realize what they’ve done wrong. With this considered, it is ultimately the witches who are the true villains as they continue to encourage Macbeth on his murderous journey and they are soulless as they have a sense of what is right and wrong, however they find pleasure in disrupting the natural order. During the exposition act, Lady Macbeth immediately displays certain characteristics similar to a villain, and she appears to have evil intentions. Since she fears that Macbeth is too full of â€Å"th’ milk of human kindness† to take the steps necessary to make himself king, her attitude becomes very strong and forceful and she states â€Å"unsex me here, and fill me, from the crown to the toe, top-full of direst cruelty! Make thick my blood† which presents her evil intentions as she desperately wants the crown for her husband, and does so in a dark way to emphasize the supernatural world as she would put aside her natural femininity so that she can do the bloody deeds in order to seize the crown. It also seems to be Lady Macbeth that is the â€Å"spur to prick the sides of [Macbeth’s] intent†, as she is adding to his â€Å"vaulting ambition†. Moreover, she belittles her husband, as she believes he needs to be â€Å"more the man†, and portrays herself as a woman who is capable of doing something unthinkable. At the beginning of the play, Macbeth is introduced as a â€Å"brave† and â€Å"worthy gentleman†, as he fought bravely and was loyal to his king. However, the witch’s prophecies affect his ultimate desire to become â€Å"king hereafter†, and he begins to display certain characteristics associated with a tragic hero, thus being a fatal flaw. In Macbeth’s situation, his fatal flaw is his â€Å"vaulting ambition† for power. This is the point in the play when he is viewed as a villainous character, as he sets out on his violent rampage and commits murder, therefore putting the entire kingdom in danger. Furthermore, Macbeth has the opportunity to decline his wife’s temptations, however his hunger for power takes its toll on him and he continues on his murderous journey. As the play progresses, the audience is able to see Macbeth’s and Lady Macbeth’s decline. Another thing that they also notice is that Macbeth and his wife have a conscience; more specifically a guilty conscience. They actually realize what they’ve done wrong, and a terrible amount of guilt washes over them. Lady Macbeth’s guilty conscience was evident when she began getting flooded with nightmares and she would sleep walk as well as always talk about the stained blood on her hands, and how she is trying to wash it off. This idea of blood refers to guilt. â€Å"Out, damned spot! † shows that she is struggling to remove the guilt from her hind. She also emphasizes that it’s impossible to remove the blood as she states â€Å"all the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand†. Towards the end of the play, Macbeth realizes the evil he has committed and he is portrayed as a victim to his own ambitious and greedy actions. Due to this realization, Macbeth is viewed as a tragic hero, and at the end of the play the audience notice his emptiness – â€Å"I have lived long enough: my way of life is fallen into the sear, the yellow leaf, and that which should accompany old age as honour, love, obedience, troops of friends.. †. Seeing as Lady Macbeth or Macbeth weren’t the ‘real’ villains of the play, it makes way to present that the witches were the real villains. The witches were the ones who ultimately manipulated and tricked Macbeth to kill King Duncan, Banquo, the Guards and many other people. Everything the witches do eventually lead to Macbeth’s downfall and therefore they are responsible for his demise. They continue to encourage Macbeth on his murderous journey and are displayed as soulless characters, as they have a sense of what is right and wrong, however they choose to find pleasure in disrupting the natural order as they believe that â€Å"fair is foul and foul is fair†. Therefore, Lady Macbeth isn’t the real villain of the play. Although she has evil intentions and holds villainous characteristics, she has a conscience and becomes extremely guilty of her actions. The audience is left wondering who the ‘real’ villain is, and some may think it’s Macbeth, however Macbeth is a tragic hero as he realizes the crime he has committed, yet he still fights until his very last moment. The witches are certainly the real villains of this play as play upon the motives of Macbeth, therefore being responsible for his downfall, and they enjoy disrupting the natural order. With this said, it is quite evident that Lady Macbeth is not the real villain of the play.

Motorcycle Diaries Film Exam Essay

The movie Motorcycle Diaries is about to friends Ernesto Guevara who has the nickname â€Å"fuser† and Alberto Granado. Ernesto is a doctor in the process; he has taken a break from his studies to go on a trip, and Alberto is a biochemist. These two friends set off on a journey that starts off in Buenos Aries to travel across the whole region of South America on a motorcycle. From the beginning these two friends have the same idea, to go have fun and just have sex with the beautiful women they come across on the way. With many troubles to come they find themselves with new challenges that they must overcome. Through out the journey they begin to realize that there is more going on through out the world than what is seen by the human eye. Motorcycle diaries showed the neo-colonialist take over of foreign countries and powers. The example that showed this was that of the American mining company: Anaconda mining company. The reason for the American mining company to go to South America was because they can find cheap labor as well as cheap raw materials because the country needs to find a way to enhance its own economic struggles. By finding a country that is in dire need to raise some funds for themselves the companies see a chance to corrupt the deal, whether it being by making child labor, low wages, no benefits, and countless others. It also showed the traditional colonialism because from the anaconda mining company the workers that choose which men they will allow to work place themselves as a higher power so they are creating hierarchies, they are coming from an other country: taking the land to use for their needs, and taking the raw materials from the foreign country to grow for their own nation. It is basically both forms of colonialism combined. In the beginning of the movie Ernesto is only occupied with one thing, to have sex with beauties around South America; he is a sex addict sort of speak. Ernesto being born into a family that is well off has a good house, healthy family, and almost no problems to worry about. In the start of the travel he experiences just mechanical problems with the motorcycle and emotional conflicts with Alberto. When the bike constantly starts to break down they are forced to hitchhike on the back of trucks filled with poor indigenous natives, sees how they have to sleep, how they live and the basic problems of being poor. More through out their travel Ernesto instead of just realizing what is going on with the poor people he begins to care and wonder. While he is in a village he is asked to treat a sick woman even though he takes a look at her and knows that he can not do anything he leaves her medicine to try and help her for at least a little while. He begins to ask everyone he meets what has happened to his or her village and as to him or her as well. While staying with some of the people who are not in the greatest place he reads stories and books written from the poor persons point of view and own experiences. With the care towards the people with the least he starts to join the poor and sick. The first action that leads to this is when he gives his 15 dollars he has received from his ex girlfriend to a homeless and poor couple that has to keep traveling to get work to survive. His final step through the journey was that he joined the people who have close to nothing, in a figurative sense. While at the institute for the sick patients he beings to bond with them even more, starts talking to the sick patients about his personal life and giving them surgeries that will help them recover. He realizes that through out the world there is many boundaries that have been created but not by companies but by mankind themselves. To prove that these boundaries can be broken on the night of his birthday he decides to swim across a huge river separating the sick and the healthy to celebrate with them all; brining them together.

Understanding markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Understanding markets - Essay Example Using different methods, Marketing determines the size of the market that is being approached but this has to be a controlled exercise otherwise the effort will be aimless. Marketing is a highly misunderstood word. It is not tactics or methods of getting customers to buy a company’s product or services. That is advertisement or promotions. It is a conscious effort to analyze and understand what is needed and trying to fulfill this need. But above all, Marketing is all about customers. Their behavior and attitude towards buying a product is of paramount importance. Their needs and wants and their likes and dislikes are decisive factors and purchase decisions depend on these issues. It is the understanding of these factors that will develop a marketing strategy. Therefore Marketing is all about understanding the customers and of finding ways and means to for providing product or service as per his requirements. â€Å"Marketing is an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders†. (AMA). This comprehensively calls for Market segmentation and results in two way satisfaction of both customer and the stakeholder. Markets are heterogeneous and are created by reasons of different values, needs wants, constraints, beliefs and incentives. Customers differ in their values and perceptions and want to purchase things that have value for them. Value is not just the monetary part, but also the usefulness and emotions that with go with it. The need and want play a great role in determining this value. The price actually determines the location from which this purchase will be made. Service and reliability are other important determining factors. Therefore a market segment is a set of customers that have a common approach to above questions and have a common desire to purchase a common set of goods and or services.

Financial Management assignment 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial Management assignment 1 - Essay Example Long-term lenders will also be interested on the long-term profitability of the organization. Stockholders will be interested on shareholder ratios like return on equity, earnings per share, and dividend yield. These ratios became the sole measure of the profitability of the stock. Stockholders also look at the company's leverage through its debt to assets and debt to equity ratios. Companies which are highly dependent on debt faces higher risks. Question 5. a. Monthly Schedule of Cash Receipts Cash Receipts for April From Sales (10%) $7,500 Collection March (60%) $42,000 February (30%) $18,000 Total $67,500 Cash Receipts for May From Sales (10%) $9,500 Collection April (60%) $45,000 March (30%) $21,000 Total $75,500 Cash Receipts for June From Sales (10%) $11,000 Collection May (60%) $57,000 April (30%) $22,500 Total $90,500 b. Accounts Receivables at end of June May (30%) $28,500 June (60%) $66,000 Total $94,500 Question 6. A Company (LIFO) Value of Cost of Goods Sold 100 units @ $12 each $1,200 200 units @ $11.50 each $2,300 100 units at $10.50 each $1,050 Total $4,550 Value of Ending Inventory 100 units @ $10 each $1000 100 units @ $10.50 each $1050 Total $2050 Z Company (FIFO) Value of Cost of Goods Sold 100 units @ $10 each $1000 200 units @ $10.50 each $2100 100 units @ $11.50 each $1150 Total $4250 Value of Ending Inventory 100 units @ $11.50 each $1150 100 units @ $12 each $1200 Total $2350 Question 7. Tall Tree Percentage of Sales Table $300,000 Sales Assets Liabilities Cash 5% Accounts Payable (90) 30% Accounts Receivable 30% Notes Payable (30) 10% Inventory 20% Accrued Expenses (7.5) 2.5% Currents Assets 55% Current Liabilities 42.5% Equipments 25% Common Stock (127.5) 42.5% Total

Analysis three macroeconomic factors in the UK and how do they affect Essay

Analysis three macroeconomic factors in the UK and how do they affect the profitability of Sainsbury company - Essay Example It can be stated that the GDP growth will positively impact towards improving the profitability of Sainsbury’s. GDP also positively impacts upon public spending which is a crucial aspect for a retail organisation such as Sainsbury’s as it can enable them to garner more profit. Though, slower growth of GDP can create unemployment, which can in turn affect Sainsbury’s profitability as new recruitment can be stopped by the organisation along with investing in any new purchases until the economy gets better (Economy Watch, 2009). Interest Rate and Inflation Rate UK interest rate in March’ 2011 had been registered at 0.5% which is a record low (BBC, 2011). In February 2011, inflation rate of UK rose to 4.4% (BBC, 2011). Interest rate has a major impact on time value of money. Changes in case of inflation rate generally result in alterations in the interest rate. These two factors are the key decision making factors for making any investment decision since these factors have a straight impact upon the ‘investment yield’. In case of the UK, the record low interest rate will support the investment on shares. Rising interest rates slows down the inflation.

Self evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Self evaluation - Essay Example ffective communication skills enhance the effectiveness of the professional training in human services thereby ensuring that I know how to communicate to specific audiences. I will have the concept and mechanism of communicating thereby develop reliable professional relationships. I am a respectful individual who will uphold the ethical values and the dignity of human life. I understand that I will work with vulnerable individuals in the society. My respectful personality that arises from the values I uphold will ensure that I maintain productive relationships both with the patients and colleagues thus improve the success of the programs. Furthermore, such a personality ensures that I endear to my clients who will in turn trust and open up to me thus making helping them easier (Dewane, 2005). Finally, I am a tolerant individual capable of tolerating people from various backgrounds. I maintain peace when interacting with people and strive to pay attention to their demands. I often speak after understanding the nature of my audience. Tolerance is an important feature in human services since the profession requires interacting and helping people from diverse backgrounds. The people often portray unique personalities and may behave different. As a tolerant individual, I have the ability to interact with such people and help win their trust thus help them appropriately. Unfortunately, I have a number of weakness key among which is my small physique, which may hamper the need to undertake strenuous activities in order to reach people especially in time of calamities (Neukrug, 2001). Despite such, I am a skilled driver, can operate a number of machinery, and will therefore prove helpful in a number of ways during such situations. I lack endurance to strenuous activities and companies. While I am a tolerant individual, I do not like engaging in strenuous activities that cause either physical or psychological exhaustion. The personality is a major impediment to work in

Proplem statment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Proplem statment - Essay Example There is a lack of enthusiasm in the workplace and the result is a failure to meet expected outcomes. Another difficulty is the relationship between management or leaders and workers or followers. Within KFIC, as discussed earlier in the module on management change, the making of decisions is kept within the upper layers of management at CEO level and with the company chairman. Others in the company, supposedly in positions of leadership are prevented from making decisions in their own rights as they are not given sufficient information, and have neither the skills required or the authority within the workplace that would enable them to do so. The other members of the work teams are well aware of this situation and this makes for poor co-worker relationships. Information is restricted to an elite and the result is a lack of motivation on the part of both team leaders and others. The leaders are unable to act as leaders and the others feel that there is a lack of support. Only minimal instructions are passed down. The problem is a cultural one within the organization. The lack of information sharing is due to lack of trust and workers are aware of this. The company is concerned with finance and investment. This means that there is much private knowledge which must naturally be safeguarded. However unless leaders and workers have sufficient knowledge they are unlikely to be able to make required decisions and carry out tasks given to a satisfactory level. In 2001 Guthrie discussed how the most successful businesses do not rely only upon their obvious assets, but also depend upon more intangible things such as knowledge creation and information held. This is something that KFIC needs to take hold of. They need to understand the importance of knowledge creation and the process of passing on necessary information. There have been a number of studies on the topic of knowledge management i.e knowledge creation, sharing and transfer according to Mitchell

Advanced Financial Reporting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Advanced Financial Reporting - Essay Example These standards are promulgated not by individuals but they are formed by a committee which includes people from all walks of life. The reason behind this is that inclusion of people from all walks of life is that this committee wants to create principles or accounting laws which are helpful for everyone in the every field of life. There are several organizations which work day-in and day- out for developing such principles. These principles give much more meaning to the financial statement and provide value to the financial figures contained in these statements. One such organization is International Accounting Standard Board, IASB, which was formed in 2001. The purpose of this organization was to propose different accounting standards which might be the basis of preparation of financial statements. Since, these rules are followed by all the business; they make the comparisons between two businesses more useful and more accurate. The IASB Handbook describes the consultative arrangements of the IASB. The Trustees’ Procedures Committee is in charge of regularly reviewing and updating the IASB due process procedures. (IASB.org) In the times of recession also, these standards have become very important in the valuation of various businesses and in giving meaning to the financial statement prepared by these businesses. Some people still favor the fact that these accounting standards are really useful for the interpretation financial prepared by various businesses headed by different accountants having different mind-set and company policies, where as others people hold the view that these accounting standards only distort the financial picture of these businesses and give an unrealistic picture of theses businesses, in the times of recession. They oppose these standards because they think that certain accounting standards ‘window dress’ the actual position of the business, and can be misleading for the users of financial statement. By window-dressing

The Banishment of Civilian Ownership of Assault Rifles Essay - 1

The Banishment of Civilian Ownership of Assault Rifles - Essay Example The assault rifles tend to be used in wars and they are said to be responsible for the deaths of millions of people in conflicts worldwide. The power of such weapons is so great that they are feared as well as held in awe by many people. When such weapons are brought into the civilian world, they are more likely to bring with them chaos than peace. The thought of individuals owning assault rifles can be considered a direct threat to society. The people who should be best armed in the society are the police, and this is because they have the stern duty of having to fight violent crime. However, with assault weapons in the hands of civilians, especially criminals or unstable people, then it would become an increasingly heavy task for the police to ensure the security of the public. Despite the fact that civilians have to be allowed some form of weaponry to defend themselves, assault rifles are not among them. This is because these rifles have been devised to do one thing only, and that is to exterminate life. Such a weapon belongs to a warzone in the hands of soldiers whose aim is to kill their opponents before they are killed. Civilians hardly ever have to confront such situation; hence, assault rifles do not belong in their possession. Most people tend to use the guns in their possession for the purpose of marksmanship, hunting, and recreational shooting. All the sports that have been mentioned have no need for the use of assault rifles because to use one would be completely destroy the sport. While all other rifles in the possession of civilians can be used for recreational activities, the assault rifle cannot and this puts it beyond the range of civilians. Such weapons have been built for the sake of destruction, the instant killing of large numbers of peo ple in an instant (Grier, 2013). Assault weapons have automatic fire capabilities, and this tends to be extremely useful when in an all-out gun battle. This

The Automotive Industry in the 21st Century Essay

The Automotive Industry in the 21st Century - Essay Example This industry is of great economic meaning to various countries that have exploited it largely for trade and employment creation. It is also evident that the industry has largely experienced change and improvement in technology, though to a limited extent. The case note from European Case Clearing House (ECCH) on the automobile industry covers the social and political significance of the automobile industry within the first ten years of the 21st century. It gives information on the challenges faced by the industry in the constant profit making process at each stage. It also gives details on the value chain involved in the industry. Challenges in the introduction and effects of new technology are also given a wide view, including the rigidity in the application and use of particular raw materials. The competition in the industry has been on with different innovations emerging, as a result. More improvements have been seen, which has brought a variety of commodities for consumers to choose from. The major players in the field include the general motors’ company of the United States, Toyota Motor Corporation of Japan, Hyundai motors of South Korea, Renault of France among others. Background Background The development automobile traces its origin late in the twentieth century. Entrepreneurs and engineers dealing in machinery in Europe and the US geared its progress. The countries included Germany producing their first car, France, United States and Japan, which also made their first cars between 1890 and 1914. 1) Scale and economic importance of the industry The industry scale is one that can be termed as large in a general view. This is because it ranges from large-scale manufacture of cars and car parts widely spread in renowned nations such as China, Japan, USA, Germany, UK, among others. It is global since the trade barriers reduction has encouraged wide investments in the emerging markets (Mitchell, Borroni-Bird & Burns, 2007). Most manufacturers export their automobile products and some kept for their domestic markets. There is various economic importance of the industry being exhibited worldwide. To begin with, it provides market for fuel producing industries. Al l automobiles require fuel or energy to propel them. Petroleum is the most widely used fuel by most automobiles. Petroleum refining industries, therefore, market their products to the automobile users. Refined steel has been used constantly used in the bodybuilding, as explained by Constable and Procter (2007). Another sector that has developed is employment creation. For instance, in Germany, the sector provides for not less than 14 percent of people employed in the manufacturing. The world has, to a significant extent, experienced unemployment problems in the 21st century; motor vehicle industry has helped curb the problem through employing engineers, entrepreneurs, and managers, sales personnel among other professionals on permanent and casual basis. The industry is a major source of income. Innovation in the automobile industry has led to an increase in flexibility and mobility of cash inflow to the various countries that deal in the industry. Marketing of the products and their spare parts locally and abroad generates cash. It can be noted that the industry is a major global driver of growth. 2) The static technology of the industry and factors that make it difficult for the industry to change to technology Technological innovations in the automobile sector has been rather static due to various factors including safety, risk of job loss, and

How Diversity of Faith is Effectively Used in Nursing Care Essay Example for Free

How Diversity of Faith is Effectively Used in Nursing Care Essay Even though medical healing is mainly based upon scientific beliefs, one cannot discount the effect of religious beliefs in the healing of a patient. For many people with a strong religious conviction, the simple belief in the power of prayer is enough to create signs of healing even in the most critical of patients. Even though the effects of prayer are undocumented, there is a growing belief among many that faith plays a significant role in healing a patient when science has given him up for dead. In the medical field, nurses are slowly realizing that a diversity of faith among their patients has them in a bind. Not all nurses are religious, nor do they share the same religious traditions as the patient. In such instances, it is up to the nurse to find a middle ground where they can honor the religious beliefs of individual patients without losing sight of their own religion. Nursing is a highly technical occupation. This is why even though nurses realize that each patient has a spiritual need, the nurse may not always be trained to respond to it. So this job is usually relegated to the hospitals pastoral care workers even though nurses would be better placed to deliver such patient needs. It is not for a nurse to question the religious beliefs of her patients, but it is her job to insure that these beliefs are fully utilized in the process of helping a patient to heal both physically, mentally, and spiritually. Unfortunately, the nursing shortage in the country does not leave the nurses with much to connect on a personal basis with their patients. Patient care and comfort are forgone in lieu of time management and getting the job done. Though nurses have traditionally been viewed as both medical and spiritual healers because of the personal connection they have with their wards, the lack of time and instruction as to how to combine patient care and religion are sending our nurses off the original objectives of why they became nurses. Roberta Bube, RN, PHN currently works part time as nurse at the Marion Medical Center in Santa Maria, Calif. According to her interview in Nurseweek for the article You Gotta Have Fait, she realized that You have to address mind, body and spirit, I always found time to do it [in a hospital]. I did have to be cautious. Id have to do it quietly. Everybodys beliefs are different. So, how can a nurse integrate the religious aspect and its various differences in their daily dealings with their individual patients? Firstly, a nurse can typically start by incorporating the patients religious belief into her basic daily care routine for the patient. At the Saint Francis Medical Center in Santa Barbara, California, clinical coordinator Jan Ingram, RN, explains in the same article that Whether youre giving them a sponge bath or putting them on the commode, if youre really there with them-mindfully present-that is a spiritual action. Nurses have to realize that listening and communicating with their patient is of vital importance in helping a patient heal. This includes developing ways and means for the patient to be able to effectively practice their beliefs and be able to assist in the patients personal spiritual care. Once a nurse learns to approach a person holistically, the nurse will now be in a very good position to accept the various faiths of their patients and convert the same or varied belief amongst the patients she is in charge of. Secondly, the nurse must be willing to set aside her own personal spiritual beliefs and instead be open minded and willing to accept the faith of the patient while she is caring for him or her. A patient may request for a bible reading, a short prayer, or simply letting the patient talk with the nurse listening and prepared to reassure her at the end that God has not abandoned him or her. If need be, a nurse must not hesitate to accommodate a patients request to join him in a religious activity. Such activities tend to reassure a patient and keep him calm throughout the healing process. Lastly, it is highly imperative that nurses know and understand the religious beliefs of their patients as these beliefs can affect their medical decisions pertaining to procedures such as operations or end of life decisions. So, a nurse is encouraged to discuss and explore their patients religious beliefs if a patient is comfortable doing so with the nurse. This will allow a nurse to develop and gain the trust of the patient because the patient will be comfortable in the knowledge that the nurse in charge of her care understands her religious belief and will always respect its role in their lives. Such support systems between patient and nurse usually prove vital in the therapeutic alliance of the two parties. Â  It is also highly important that a nurse, even though not a devout practitioner of her religion, believes in God and knows how to pray. Even though a nurse is taught how to compartmentalize her feelings and not be affected by the events of the day at the hospital, one cannot help but be affected. There will be times in the course of performing her duty that she will call science into question and why it failed certain patients, or why it cannot seem to heal a patient who has no reason to be ill. During those situations, when science seems to fail her, the only thing she will find herself clinging to is her belief in god or her religion. It is this faith that she will take with her as she tries to heal her patient and help him cope with his medical situation. This will be the common denominator binding them. Faith in religion regardless of what the religion is commonly called. At the end of the day, nurses will have to learn to accept and integrate the diversified cultures and religious beliefs of their patients. The nurse will have to turn to her own personal faith for support as well. All of this because healing a patient is not all a matter of science. It is also a matter of spiritual belief in a Supreme Being who can heal us all of our aches and pains in any form or guise. Work Cited Hebert Randy S. ; Jenckes., Mollie W. ; Ford, Daniel E.; OConnor, Debra R. $ Cooper, Lisa A. (2001). Patient Perspectives on Spirituality and the Patient-Physician Relationship. Journal of Internal General Medicine. Retrieved May 25, 2007 from http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1495274 Hemilla, Donna. (2002). You Gotta Have Faith. Nurseweek. Retrieved May 20, 2007 from http://www.nurseweek.com/news/features/02-09/faith.asp Mitchell, Joyce Haroun, Lee. (2005). Healthcare. Singapore. Thomson Delmar. Wensley, Michelle. Spirituality in Nursing. Retrieved May 21, 2007 from http://www.ciap.health.nsw.gov.au/hospolic/stvincents/1995/a04.html

Gender Issues in Sri Lanka Essay Example for Free

Gender Issues in Sri Lanka Essay Gender issues In general, when considering third world countries, most would say that they have some very similar characteristics. Third world countries are often thought of as places that are impoverished, have significantly high birthrates, are economically dependent on advanced countries, and have not evolved socially in regards to equal rights issues. Although many of these characteristics do apply to Sri Lanka, the latter has definitely evoked some discussion on the topic of gender issues in underdeveloped countries. Issues such as decision making in the household, educated women and their role in society, and attitudes towards women in employment will be discussed. As stated earlier, most would agree that from a distant perspective Sri Lanka would seem to be socially underdeveloped in regards to equal rights. One way that this misconception is debunked is by looking at the roles of male and female in the household. There are many variables to take into consideration when looking at roles of family members and who has the balance of power; for instance, if the wife is working or not could be considered at both ends of the scale. If she is working than her husband may feel that because she is making a financial contribution she has more of a right to make important economic decisions that may effect the family. On the other hand he may feel as though her being away from the children is a detriment to their upbringing, and in turn is placing a burden upon the family leaving the wife with few domestic decisions. Another variable that has to be considered is if the residence is with the husbands family or if it is with the wifes family. In this case one would assume that whichever house was being resided in would have the balance of the say towards family decisions. The last variable that will be considered is that of marital duration. Does a longer marriage necessarily mean that the financial and domestic decisions of the household will become split evenly between the husband and wife? The answers to these questions were the focus of a study conducted by Anju Malhotra and Mark Mather in 1992. The study showed that when the wives were working, regardless of whether or not they shared their wages or kept them, they had an increase say on financial matters. However, the domestic decisions were not nearly as great, especially if the wages earned by the wife were kept for herself (Malhotra et al. 1997: 620). When looking at the balance of power in regards to household arrangement, the study found that the wife had almost no say on financial matters when living at the husbands parents house but did have some say on domestic issues. The opposite it true for when the family resided at the wifes parents house. The wife typically had a significant say on financial and domestic matters with the latter outweighing the two (Malhotra et al. 1997: 620). As far as marital duration is concerned, it seems as though as the family grows together there is somewhat of a role reversal. The husband becomes more concerned with domestic matters and the wife takes some responsibility for the financial decisions (Malhotra et al. 1997:620). These findings led my research group to believe that the people of Sri Lanka are generally very similar to those of western societies in regards to household decisions. Education is not something we think about when speaking about developing countries, many assume that it is just not an option for underprivileged people. Although that is the unfortunate truth that effects many third world countries, it does seem that Sri Lanka is on its way to recovering itself. For many years the gender gap between male and female scholars needed to be decreased. In the early 1980s the percentage of the total amount of people with university degrees that were women was barely above 40%. A more alarming fact might be that the percentage with post-graduate degrees was barely above 25% (Ahooja-Patel K. 1979: 217). The majority of women pursuing a degree usually did so in the fine arts category or the education and teacher training fields, many staying away from disciplines such as business or engineering. Although these numbers may seem staggering Sri Lanka has shown some promise in terms of social welfare. Programs are now in place to encourage female education and to decrease the inequalities women face today. In the early 1990s the gender gap between literate males and females was only a 5% difference (Malhotra et al. 1997: 602). Many believe that the more westernized Sri Lanka becomes the more independent the thoughts and wills of women will expand, creating a country of little inequality. Women in the work force today in western society face many barriers; this is after years of trying to refine the social economic status of women. In Sri Lanka, because of its poor economy, employers may have actual complaints that may affect the profitability of their business. In general in Sri Lanka, men are usually preferred over women as employees. Some employers complain that because of the possibility of the need for time off to bear children that it may disrupt the flow of the work force. Many men could feel as though women were being treated with undeserved favoritism, which could cause conflict. Others feel that the financial burden of having to install proper facilities to accommodate women could create too much of a loss that they would not be able to overcome it. The topic of most discussions seems to revolve around the Maternity Amendment Act of 1978, which states that women workers are entitled to six weeks maternity leave with pay. It also states that they are allowed two nursing breaks of one hour each or two breaks of one half hour each when a day care center is available (Ahooja-Patel K. 1979: 219). Women cannot, under the law, be fired for any reason that stems from them being pregnant. An unfortunate fact that is slowly being eradicated is that many women are just not qualified for the jobs that are available in Sri Lanka. Because of the gender gap in education and training that has plagued Sri Lanka for years this trend will surely continue until the inequality has subsided. In many ways Sri Lanka has come very far in terms of gender equality when discussing kinship and education. However, womens economic situation has shown to be less favourable. The people of Sri Lanka acknowledge that women have a place in the work force but financially cannot accommodate them. Until the economic growth of Sri Lanka can develop further, people will continue to have the survival of the fittest kind of attitude, which will continue to alienate and repress the women or Sri Lanka.

Skills for Intercultural Communication

Skills for Intercultural Communication Introduction: Culture can be defined as the quality in an individual or society that emerges from a sympathy toward what is viewed as astounding in expressions, letters, behaviour, insightful interests, and so forth while the communication is described as the conferring or trading of data by talking, composition, or utilizing some other medium. Intercultural communication is a type of correspondence that means to impart data crosswise over diverse societies and cultural gatherings. It is used to show the extensive variety of correspondence courses of action and issues that rise-up in an association made up of people from diverse religious, social, ethnic, and belonging from distinct educational backgrounds. Body: The essential skills of intercultural communication are in a far-reaching way general communication abilities that might be utilized all around by all societies and races. These skills are basically tweaked in a course that looks into the cultural constraints. A simple idea as an example of such communication abilities in the intercultural environment is to listen without judging, rehash what you comprehend, affirm implications, give proposals and recognize a shared comprehension (Kwintessential.co.uk, 2014). In doing vast research, numerous researchers have recognized different fields and themes they consider critical for study in the field of intercultural communication. A few researchers (e.g., Gudykunst, 1987; Rich, 1974; Stewart, 1978) set a general research scope for the study while others (e.g., Hu, 2004; Jia, 1997; Watchman, 1990; Samovar, Doorman, Stefani, 2000) accept the more particular variables ought to be inspected in intercultural communication research. The general contents for doing research are made by Rich (1974). He discussed that the contents of intercultural communication might be arranged into five structures: intercultural communication, global communication, interracial communication, between ethnic or minority communication, and contractual communication. Gudykunst (1987) keeps up that intercultural communication research ought to incorporate four classifications: intercultural communication, culturally diverse communication, universal communication and similar mass correspondence. Another researcher Stewart (1978) focuses out that the research of intercultural communication ought to deal in genuine circumstances hurdles faced by people belonging from different backgrounds, which pointed out to arrange training programs for creating sense of humanity b/w intercultural diversified people. He expresses that training for intercultural communication ought to lead the trainees through nine phases of progressive change, empowering them to see an alternate culture all the more in a detailed way. As discussed above some contents of intercultural communication some additional contents were also brought into consideration as some different researchers (e.g., Hu, 2004; Jia, 1997; Doorman, 1990; Samovar et al., 2000) think that the research on intercultural communication ought to manage more particular variables influencing the nature of intercultural communication. Watchman (1990) separated those variables into eight components: attitudes, social organization, patterns of thought, roles and role expectations, language, space, time, and nonverbal expression. Later, Samovar et al. (2000) categorized the eight components into four general associating gatherings: observation, verbal methods, nonverbal methodologies and context oriented components. It is on the grounds that all these components could be distinguished, dissected and classified that the exploration of intercultural communication can be led (Jia, 1997). In this manner, the principle concern of these researchers is to an alyse the components that may impact intercultural communication and attempt to decide how to uproot the obstructions faced during communication created by contrasts in dialect, sustenance, and dress, social cultural practices. In a pileup, regardless of what different researchers have made on the characterization of intercultural communication research contents, it is by and large concurred that the investigation of intercultural communication expects to comprehend the impact of society on our mentality, convictions and practices with a specific end goal to diminish misconceptions that come about because of social cultural varieties (Chen Starosta, 1997). To put it all the more basically, intercultural communication exploration ought to be concerned with the particular contents influencing genuine intercultural communication in genuine living, regardless of whether it is in regards to intercultural, culturally diverse, interracial or between ethnic correspondences. As to every individual component, there exist some marginally diverse perspectives on what precisely ought to be inspected. In this study, taking into account the genuine research of the gathered information, we receive the classification proposed by Hu (2005) as a kind of perspective to order the research contents of the gathered articles. In his study, Hu (2005) arranged the intercultural communication research contents into the accompanying five classifications: summary, theory and research methods, cultural comparison and contrast, intercultural adaptation and training, special topics. Among the five classes, some special and worth-noticing points refer to the articles that dont have a place with any of the other four classifications (Hu, 2010). People are doing communication since four million years. Then again, the conception of culture is assessed to have taken place around 35,000 years prior. Today, both society and communication have advanced significantly and have gotten to be related of each other, to the point that communication is thought to be a result of culture. Accordingly, our own particular culture has a profound effect on our considerations and practices. Since each one has its unique viewpoints, intercultural communication might be the reason for clash and issue. There are three principle issues which are at the foundation of the issue of intercultural miscommunication: dialect as an obstruction, social differences and ethnocentrism. We will discuss these three ideas in circumstances in which intercultural communication is usual, for example: the work environment, the classroom and entertaining trips. The way individuals communicate differs broadly between, and even inside, societies. One part of communication style is dialect use. Language has dependably been seen as a connection between individuals however it can additionally constitute a boundary. Crosswise over societies, a few words and expressions are utilized as a part of distinctive ways. Besides, correspondence between societies which dont have the same language is extensively more troublesome. Each one in a society has its unique language structure, interpretations and structure which causes complexity in intercultural communication. Case in point, in Asian nations the saying no is seldom utilized, with the goal that yea can signify no or maybe. Subsequently, an American flying out to Japan may be viewed as inconsiderate in the event that he disregards this standard. Besides, people who are not happy with a certain language may not be considered important (StudyMode, 2014). The issues in intercultural communication normally originate from problems in message transmission. In correspondence between individuals of the same society, the individual who gets the message deciphers it focused around qualities, convictions, and desires for conduct like those of the individual who sent the message. At the point when this happens, the way the message is deciphered by the beneficiary is liable to be reasonably like what the speaker planned. On the other hand, when the recipient of the message is an individual from a different society, the beneficiary uses data from his or her society to translate the message. The message that the collector deciphers may be altogether different from what the speaker proposed. Attribution is the methodology in which individuals search for a clarification of someone elses conduct. When somebody doesnt comprehend an alternate, he/she generally accuses the disarray for the others ineptitude, double dealing, or madness. Successful communication relies on the casual understandings among the gatherings included that are focused around the trust created between them. At the point when trust exists, there is verifiable seeing inside communication, social contrasts may be disregarded, and issues could be managed all the more effectively. The significance of trust and how it is created and conveyed differ crosswise over social orders. Also, a few societies have a more noteworthy inclination to be trusting than others. Nonverbal communication is conduct that uses without words however it regularly may join by words. Nonverbal correspondence has been indicated to record for somewhere around 65% and 93% of deciphered correspondence. Minor varieties in non-verbal communication, discourse rhythms, and dependability frequently cause doubt and misperception of the circumstances among culturally diverse gathering. In the 1980s Geert Hofstede found 5 major measurements of national cultures that might be seen to outline diverse values in distinctive national societies. These qualities may have outcomes for how individuals in diverse societies carry on, and how they will possibly act in a work related context. One of these qualities is independence vs. cooperation. In individualistic societies individuals are required to depict themselves as people, who look to fulfil singular objectives and needs. In collectivist societies, individuals have more prominent stress on the welfare of the whole gathering to which the individual has a place, where individual needs, needs and dreams are frequently situated aside for the benefit of everyone(Geert, 2001). Conclusion: Taking everything into account, it might be expressed that there are new and developing progressions going ahead in the field of interchanges coming about because of changing demographics of the groups in which the business society must work. An alternate energy, which is changing the way business correspondence behaviour of individuals, learning recovery and capacity and additionally the route in which societies are continuously directed, is the appearance of new evolved technologies. The expert communication environment ought to, be examined and has expected a far expanding level of importance in the present age(Anon, 1999). References: Kwintessential.co.uk, (2014).An Introduction to Intercultural Communication | articles | cultural services. [online] Available at: http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/cultural-services/articles/introduction-intercultural.html [Accessed 7 Sep. 2014]. Hu, Y. (2010).International Journal of Intercultural Relations, (35), pp. 555. StudyMode, (2014).Problems in Intercultural Communication by Study mode. [online] Available at: http://www.studymode.com/essays/Problems-In-Intercultural-Communication-25747.html [Accessed 7 Sep. 2014]. Geert, H. (2001).What are Geert Hofstedes 5 Cultural Dimensions?. [online] Businessmate.org. Available at: http://www.businessmate.org/Article.php?ArtikelId=4 [Accessed 7 Sep. 2014]. Anon, (1999).Appreciating the Diversity in Multicultural Communication Styles. [online] Available at: http://static.highbeam.com [Accessed 7 Sep. 2014]. Annotated bibliography: First and foremost journal endeavours to offer a reaction, from a general point of view, to the inquiry of how culture uncovers itself in the application of qualitative research in intercultural communication. When we come across the expression culture it is most important to remember that culturally credited social cooperation methods are themselves the after effect of socially built methodologies. They are some piece of an individual-aggregate persuasion with numerous potential implications, which are rising and in steady reformulation from a wide collection of social and cultural points of view. A significant part of the research in intercultural correspondence has been administered towards the investigation of these frameworks of socially related implications. it offers the role of culture in communication among diversified people (Aneas and Sandà ­n, 2009). In the first referenced journal. an inquiry is tended to that how culture is conceptualized and shows itself in the application of qualitative system. With this goal we endeavour to summarize the research done from the field of intercultural and diverse communication which we feel may be of assistance in moving towards the important conceptualization in an essay. It is additionally kept in mind while writing the essay that the points discussed here will empower us to investigate, from a general viewpoint, the relationship between culture and probably the most critical parts of qualitative exploration (Adamopolous, 2011). The second journal used for doing an essay discuss some of the important thing out of which few points are discussed here in abstractive form. The globalized world nowadays is identified by an always developing number of contacts bringing about correspondence between individuals with diverse etymological and social foundations. This correspondence happens in view of contacts inside the territories of business, military collaboration, science, instruction, mass-media, and diversion, tourism additionally as a result of migration realized by work lack or political clashes. In all these contacts, there is cultural communication which needs to be as useful as could be expected under the circumstances, without mistaken assumptions and breakdowns. It is our conviction that exploration on the way of semantic and cultural similitude and contrasts here can play a positive and productive part(Allwood, 2014). Third research journal discuss more about intercultural communication in a brief way which is summarized here as we have now started to see that there is not a solitary, basic meaning of culture and that, indeed, distinctive journalists characterize culture in truly diverse courses (as variable, as capacity, as procedure, as force). Actually, how one sees and studies culture, a few scholars say, has moral ramifications some individuals see the way others study. Intercultural correspondence truly implies that when individuals from two separate societies correspond with one another. Numerous researchers have decided to break intercultural communication research into two primary sorts, generally like Emic and Etic. Essentially emic incorporates a research that focus on a culture from that cultures own particular viewpoint, typically intimating the utilization of perception, qualitative, or other open-ended exploration to confirm that point of view while etic is the research done that uses an external theories or general systematic frameworks to translate the code of conduct, world perspective, and so on., in a specific culture (Baldwin, 2004). Fourth journal article discuss by arguing that that the intercultural communication is critical to be considered in universal organizations as it analyses how individuals from distinctive cultures, convictions and religions meet up to work and correspond with one another. Need for understanding and adopting intercultural communication is expanding as more organizations go worldwide or global. They understand that there are obstructions and confinements when entering an outside domain. Without the assistance of intercultural communications they can unknowingly cause perplexity and make sever mistakes. For these intercultural organizations to rupture the social obstructions experienced when going into international grounds it is key for them to completely comprehend the cultural contrasts that exist to stop harming business relations because of gaps among people due to intercultural communication. There are numerous speculations that standardized some rules to help in the understanding of intercultural communication. These rules help in preventing ignorance between diversified cultural gatherings which results due to misunderstanding lack of knowledge (Kwintessential.co.uk, 2014). Fifth journal used to write an essay is written is Yanhong Hu in which he says that the increasing rate globalization in the world has expanded individuals need to be included in worldly activities in such fields as education, business, pharmacy, religion and even the military. Indeed, individuals with diverse cultural foundations are getting to be more related on one another, and the term intercultural communication is no more new to them. Keeping in mind the end goal to instruct individuals to create sense of understanding for respect of cultures of one another and outfit them with powerful and proper relational abilities in their intercultural experiences, the scholarly research of intercultural communication has developed and excited dynamic enthusiasm among analysts in this field. Numerous researchers and specialists have wandered profound into the field and created a interesting different themes identified with intercultural communications. Rather than the inspecting and investigating so many published books, articles peer-reviewed journals, there is moderately minimal precise data on the flow pattern of intercultural communication research at both local international levels. Locally, a few researchers have done some general research about the facts on intercultural communication. Though those studies may be instructive, they give off an impression of being generally individual perspectives and recommendations but not based on information based data. Two related studies are directed separately by ShiyongPeng (2005) and Wenzhong Hu (2005). His article on the exploration of intercultural communication is information based; on the other hand, what is needed to be discussed in this article is the detailed studies of the locally-based information demonstrating what sort of methodologies are adopted in their papers by Chinese intercultural communication specialists which is the thing that this study means to analyse (Hu, 20 10). References: Aneas, M. and Sandà ­n, M. (2009). Intercultural and Cross-Cultural Communication Research: Some Reflections about Culture and Qualitative Methods.Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, [online] 10(1). Available at: http://www.qualitative-research.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/1251/2738 [Accessed 6 Sep. 2014]. Adamopolous, John Lonner, Walter (2001). Culture and psychology at a crossroad: Historical perspective and theoretical analysis. In David Matsumoto (Ed.),The handbook of culture and psychology(pp.11-34). New York: Oxford University Press. Allwood, J. (2014). Journal of Intercultural Communication, (35). Baldwin, J. (2004). Assumptions behind communication theories: Reality, knowledge, and values., pp.21-34. Kwintessential.co.uk, (2014). An Introduction to Intercultural Communication | articles | cultural services. [online] Available at: http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/cultural-services/articles/introduction-intercultural.html [Accessed 7 Sep. 2014]. Hu, Y. (2010). International Journal of Intercultural Relations, (35), pp.554-555.

Creon’s Perspective in Oedipus Rex and Sophocles Antigone :: Antigone essays

Creon’s Perspective in Oedipus Rex and Antigone   Ã‚   The role of the king in the time of Greek tragedies was simultaneously desired and dreaded because of the king's responsibility to the people and because of the effects of the position on the king's character. Creon reveals such ambivalent thoughts towards the kingship in his speech defending himself from Oedipus's conspiracy accusation in Oedipus the King; these ambivalent thoughts reveal much about the nature of the kingship, especially in conjunction with Creon's later actions in Antigone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In attempting to refute Oedipus's assertion that Creon has taken part in a conspiracy to obtain the kingship, Creon evaluates the nature of the kingship and of his present role. First, he says, "Consider, first, if you think any one/ would choose to rule and fear rather than rule and sleep" (36.584-585). By this, Creon means that the main difference between his position and the king's is that of the accompanying action to ruling. In both positions, one is a ruler who holds great power over the state. However, the king is placed in a greater place of accountability to the people. This accountability is what Creon says inspires "fear" in the king, for if affairs of state or of the people fall into decline, the king is the first person whom the citizenry look to blame. This is analogous to executive leaders throughout history, as one can see in looking at American presidents and the correlation between the present conditions and events of the nation to the public's opinion of the president, regardless of the actual impact that his decisions may have made in these conditions. Creon maintains that he has the same amount of power as the king but without the accountability that inevitably leads a king to distress. Creon's reasoning concerning the equality between his power and Oedipus's leads him to state:    I was not born with such a frantic yearning to be a king- but to do what kings do. And so it is with every one who has learned wisdom and self-control. (36.587-590)    He means that he has never desired the position of king, because he sees no advantage over his present position in the state. Rather, he sees the disadvantage of the fear that accompanies the position of king. Creon has evaluated this situation for his circumstances and then goes further in stating that anyone with wisdom and self-control would come to such a conclusion as well.

Gabriel Garcia Marquezs A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings Essay

Trisha â€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings" Critical Analysis If I ask you to picture an angel, what do you see? Is it a vibrant white, majestically dressed individual with lush and strong wings who commands reverence with his presence? What does this ethereal creature stand for? Righteousness? Protector of good and the purest form of a celestial being besides God? If you have read Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s â€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings† then you may have been introduced to a conflicting image of an angel. This angel is in no way similar to the one described above. Actually, we are not even sure he is an angel. What we do know after reading this story is that the creature presented represents the overwhelming need of humans to understand and interpret every facet of their lives. The angel does not fit the general consensus of what an angel is and leaves human expectations unmet. This story embodies the nature of humans to explain, categorize, and label any affair that is not already so. Marquez’s story is written in a fairy tale format with strong magic realism elements throughout. This style combines real, normal details of day to day life with fantasy and blurs the reader’s division of reality and magic. This method of writing emphasizes the attempt of man to apply logic and knowledge to all matters. Marquez is so skilled in this technique that we come to view the fact o...

Essay on Toni Morrisons Beloved - Symbol and Symbolism in Beloved

Symbolism in Beloved  Ã‚     In the novel Beloved, the author, Toni Morrison, attempts to promote a variety of different themes and ideas by symbolizing them in minor events and situations.   This symbolism is evident throughout the entire novel and is very crucial to the understanding and analyzing of the text.   A good example of this is the ice skating scene.   Morrison uses this scene to represent the slow, but consistent, deterioration of the family living in 124 and to foreshadow the ultimate demise of the family unit.   Morrison writes repeatedly, â€Å"Nobody saw them falling,† yet in all reality they were falling, and falling fast (Morrison 174).   There are a number of details, including the setting, Sethe’s emotions, the choice of shoes/ice skates worn by each of the three female characters, and the ultimate goal of reaching heaven, which demonstrate this idea.   The ice skating scene takes place on a frozen stream, not too far from 124.   The ice is apparently solid, therefore providing a somewhat firm surface on which to skate.   Unfortunately, the ice is slippery.   This is symbolic of the three females in the story.   They all have a strong base, a sincere love for each other, yet no matter how hard they attempt to stay upright and proud, they always end up slipping and falling on the ice.   The frozen stream represents the future of the family.   The ice will slowly, but consistently, melt as the weather gets warmer, as time passes by.   As the ice melts, so does the firm base that supports the skaters and the family members will have no where to stand.   As the story unfolds, it becomes increasingly evident that Sethe is emotionally unstable.   Beginning with her life at Sweet Home, dealing with the everyday trials of sla... ... of loneliness and solitude.   By isolating Beloved and herself from the rest of the world, Sethe attempted to hide from the ugliness that existed outside of 124.   â€Å"They were lulled into a false confidence because they had each other,† neglecting even the bare necessities of life   (Finkbeiner 1999). Sethe and Beloved each had a pair of footwear, with Beloved having two skates and Sethe having two shoes. Denver’s condition was a more difficult one.   She was forced to skate on a single skate, which was very unstable.   In order to stay upright she was forced to seek help from the community, reach out to the people outside of 124.   Through this act she was able to bring healing to the family.   By reaching out to the community, she was able to combat the horrors of loneliness and racism.    Works Cited: Morrison, Toni. Beloved. New York, Penguin Books USA Inc, 1988.

Ratio Analysis on Literature of Review Essay

I also declare that I have done my work sincerely and accurately even then if any mistake or error had kept in it, I request the readers to point out these errors and guide me to remove these errors in future. Presentation Incharge Signature of the Candidate Practical work experience is the integral part of individual learning. An individual who is learning managerial concepts has to undergo this practical experience for being a future executive. It is the result of various factors. Primarily because of rising cultivations of BT. cotton (Bacillus thuringnsis) and reduce the farmers input costs, while the yield as well as quality are substantially much larger compared to traditional varieties. In view of this development, the cotton cultivation acreage has been steadily going up in India. The farmers have become more knowledgeable to follow scientific methods to cultivate high yielding long staple cotton varieties. Besides individual mills are also simultaneously taking steps to improve the cotton production along with Technology Mission on cotton (TCM), the cotton development research Associations of organizations (CITI), South Indian Textiles Mills Association (SIMA) and Kerala State Textile Corporation (KSTC). The resultant factor is quality and quantity of raw material supply has substantially improved in the country. Due to globalization of our economy, the conscious of quality inputs and pricing have become competitive to the international standards and prices. Supply of quality raw material availability sources of raw material from major cotton exporting countries. Every organization is a deliberate and planned Endeavour of people whose common goal can be achieved through attainment of targets and goal by individual members in it. No organization can survive for long unless it takes care of prudent utilization of resources particularly human resources. In brief, good business is generally the result of good organization which can emerge only if it consists of good people who work together as a team. The textile industry occupies a unique place in our country. One of the earliest to come into existence in India, it accounts for 14 per cent of the total industrial production, contributes to nearly 30 per cent of the total exports and is the second largest employment generator after agriculture. The Indian textile industry is one of the largest in the world with a massive raw material and textile-manufacturing base. Indian economy is largely dependent on the textile manufacturing and trade in addition to other major industries about 27 per cent of the exchange earning are on account of export of textiles and clothing alone. In India organized textile mill sector has increased from 1787 in 2003-04 to 1789 in 2004-05. During the year 2003-04 the production of yarn was 3051. 07 million kg and it had increased to 3220. 59 million kg in 2004-05. The number of workers worked in textiles mills during the year 9, 18,000. India has the second-largest yarn-spinning capacity in the world (after China), accounting for roughly 20 percent of the world’s spindle capacity. India’s spinning segment is fairly modernized; approximately 35 to 40 percent of India’s spindles are less than 10 years old. During 1989-98, India was the leading buyer of spinning machinery, accounting 2003-04 was 9,28,000 and it have decreased during the year 2004-05 was for 28 per cent of world shipments. India’s production of spun yarn is accounted for almost entirely by the organized mill sector, which includes 285 large. Man-made fibers, wool and silk segment grew by modest 4. 5 per cent per annum during the 5-year period 2000-01 to 2005-06. During the first year of quota-free global trade, production increased leaps and bounds. Textiles production increased 10 per cent over 2004. The growth was fuelled by a 22 per cent rise in production of other textiles (including apparels). Cotton textile also posted an increase of nine percent. In the last six years, an estimated US$ 6. 7 billion has been invested in the textiles sector, aided by the Technology Up gradation Fund (TUF) scheme. The TUF scheme expires in March next year (2007) and the quotas on China will be lifted in 2008. Hence, companies will continue to add capacities over the next year. Also, according to CRISIL, the sector is likely to rise over US$ 3. 5 billion from the capital markets in the next few years. The cotton textile industry, one of the oldest and major consumer industries in India, has assumed national importance by virtue of size, investment, output and employment. The industry produces a wide range of fabrics to suit specific needs of consumers. Further, the cotton textile industry occupies a pre eminent place in the Indian economy by contributing a major share and to the countries industrial production and providing cloth to its millions. The industry also serves by providing direct employment to 60, 00,000 workers in several of its related activities. India is one of the largest textile producing countries in the world. The share of the industry in the export basket of India is around 20%. However, textile industry is vast developing sector and when the competitions are exorbitant especially in its design and quality we have to adopt modern technology management, machine so as to complete with other countries in the international market.

Energy Drinks Customer Analysis Essay

animation foxs consumers be in the main bellow 35 historic period of age. The intentness maneuvers teenagers, young adults and athletes. Workers ar in like manner include in the commercialise segment for this harvest-home. As regards to customers description, y surfacehful studies has commited out that 65% of stance commercializes atomic number 18 male (Energy Drinks Market, n. d). Consumers be ordinarily single with an average in inject ( primordial entropy Organization, 2009, p. 8). Nowadays, vim drinks ar in truth popular among teenager students. As confirmed by Bahrain cardinal Information Organization webpage (CIO), students rate is 174.98 per 1000 population. This is a large part taking into cypher the very little(a) population of Bahrain. Further much, people at this hitch of age atomic number 18 tumefy know to be very outgoing and dynamic but with increasing burdens of daily studies they render very busy and in acquire for a fast and effective hike up for their life force. Similarly, athletes be more(prenominal) often than not young adults and students at the same time. They surely pack nothing drinks to build their bodies and to provide them with more strength to usage their favorite delight.Added to that, flexers constitute the third base part of zero drinks customers. They use postal code drinks rather oftentimes, especi ally the ones with two telephone lines or more or a amply time job. Working in these field fathers so exhausting which creates a need for more muscularity and it is obtained by muscle drink consumption. For students muscularity drinks argon intensively consumed during midterm or final exams period. Teenagers become nervous and very tired collectible to the great pressure provoked by hard work studying.A late(a) study shows that one-half of college students consume at least 1 energy drink per month (M. A. Heckman, K. Sherry, and E. Gonzalez de Mejia, 2010). Students expect that th is would help them reach out more energy in chastise of the fall they have lost. Added to that, athletes need energy drinks before big matches or during tournaments. They propose to gain extra index number in order to be able to exercise more and to go on with their games. The customers situations mentioned supra will certainly cause naughty demand on this product in energy drinks market.Whats more the scattering of the product in Bahrain will be on several(prenominal) sticks around the country. Hyper markets, pharmacies, universities and colleges, gyms and also sport clubs argon all rarefied places to introduce the product as the deuce-ace main customers frequently visit those locations. Briefly, market segment for energy drinks is growing well and ready for invigorated products. 2. 2 customer Description At the time we come to think about energy drinks consumers, we mustiness determine which sort is in veridical need for the product.Every person is undecided to the fatigue of daily life which often comes with hard studying or overwork. young though, are the most affected base of people as they suffer more from the insufficient amount of energy caused by lack of sleep and hard work (Tar shake stem for Energy Drink Ads and the Market, n. d). Granted, a great number of people are working longer hours and appear to pass away busier and more stressful lives however their bodies often kittyt cope because they are often also making short food and lifestyle choices (J. Davies, n. d, paragraph 1).For energy drinks consumers, motivation depends on how often they actually need to satisfy their wants and needs. However, many campaigns were hold outed by lead energy drinks companies to stimu deep motivation. Nevertheless, this target market is mostly consisted of male consumers who mostly believe in the sincerity of energy drinks claims. As a consequence, energy drinks are basically targeted towards today generation (Target Group for Energy Drink A ds and the Market, n. d). 2. 2. 1 geographical the product will hit units with the largest amount of populations in Bahrain.As demonstrated in the remit bellow, the legal age of the population is heavy in the three governorates Capital, Central and Northern. administrative units, figure 1 Northern Central Capital Muharraq Southern Southern make up of The Administrative Units Division, figure 2 Moreover, all three are located in the upper side of the country (figure 2). As explained in further point of this cut across the product is a new stigmatize of Coca Cola Co. The Cola pulverisation is located in Salmabad an industrial scene of action in Bahrain (Wikipedia, 2010). This would be the start point of the distribution process.Then, the product will be delivered to universities, one of the largest places of students gatherings for example University of Bahrain, Bahrain polytechnic and AMA. The product will be available in campuses whether in sternteens, small cold stores o r even cafeterias. Also, athletes can easily convey the product in gyms and other sports halls. Furthermore, illustrious hypermarkets such as Geant, Lulu and cross Hypermarket will be the ultimate marketer for the product. All three types of customer can simply find the product in one of these locations.2. 2. 2 Demographic To start with, market segment for energy drinks is targeted at group of people in their late teens to early thirties. The age group is dictated between 18 to 34 years of old. Age Groups Both Sexes Males 15 19 70,363 35,961 20 24 102,341 60,497 25 29 151,173 102,994 30 34 139,108 93,838 Total 462985 293290 finger 3 The data in this table is retrieved from Bahrain Central Information Organization This table presents the population of both Bahraini and non-Bahraini residents in the age group of 15-34.The third mainstay illustrates Males numbers since the majority of consumers belong to this gender. harmonize to the above table, the total population of this market segment is estimated by 462985. Almost 293290 are men which mean they are more than the half of the entire population. There are three main occupations for this gathering they are students, athletes or busy employees. The statistics of Supreme Council for charwoman SCW shows that the average age of first espousals for men is 26. 4. This indicates that group A are still single while are married.The statistics also confirm that most families in Bahrain include 5 to 6 members. This proves that consumers typically have a medium sizing family. Whats more, the first group of consumers is so-called to be high school seniors, recent graduates or college students. On the other hand, group B members are usually universities graduates and new employees. It is proven that customers are willing to overcompensate more per liter in way out they expect to receive a fitting boost of energy (staff reporter, 2006, paragraph 5). 2. 2. 3 Psychological Characteristics There are several beh aviors that characterize energy drinks customers.They are eternally seeking for more energy. Those consumers are very practical and always thinking of having fun. However, they can easily be tired out by daily duties and work. Especially if they are students with part time jobs or sport activities for athletic students. Added to that, workers who have two or more jobs or work in a full time job can also be jeopardized to around-the-clock pressure and every day stress. Therefore, energy drinks becomes the savior for them due to the immediate power that helps them restore their low energy and live the day normally. 2. 2.4 Behavioral Characteristics The majority of energy drinks customers are young people. Their bang for life and hyper is what really distinguish them. Whats more, energy drinks consumers are described to be really outgoing and very active. This crowd is always trying to find a better way to enjoy their selves. another(prenominal) thing is that, this group like speed , flash, and count thrill which can be obtained by most energy drinks taking into account the important role of bold case in satisfying customers taste (Packaging Schemes & Energy Popular Drink Designs, n. d).Nevertheless, in some(a) point of the day they can get really busy which upset quite a large number of them and delay them from completing their activities. This is where the energy drinks market takes place of forming a reliable renewed tooth root of body energy.References 1. Energy Drinks Market. n. d. Retrieved from http//researchwikis. com/Energy_Drinks_Market 2. Bahrain Central Information Organization. Page. 8. 2009. Retrieved from http//www. cio. gov. bh/CIO_ARA/English/Publications/Bahrain%20in%20Figure/BIF2007_2008. pdf 3. M. A. Heckman. K. Sherry. and E. Gonzalez de Mejia. 2010.

Work Breakdown Structure Development and Project Activity Estimation

Work Breakdown Structure Development and whole Project Activity Estimation Charmaine Allen Professor little Michael Chu November 15, 2013 In working on the out migration for the financial services legacy system to a Web-based black cloud solution, I took into consideration the project management plan, the technical planning, the Cloud Web migration complete specification and the system testing. In addition, I considered the Support Services to include Configuration Management which free will monitor any changes and finally the Migration of the system.Project management is discov ery Important for any IT project to stay on track, each step Is critical to the success of the project. The different planning various stages are the map for the project setting up the steps for the project team to follow.Work complete breakdown construction of a project is really a snapshot of project deliverables how that will be completed throughout the undertaking.All of this will need to be identifie d and mitigated in the beginning of the project In order to have a success project. Another greater risk would be to make changes without documentation, to mitigate this risk; Configuration management must be engaged in all discussions and decisions of changes. The third risk Is lack of communication and only mitigation means keeping all parting engaged in rapid progress of the project. Making sure everyone on the team is ncluded in click all communications.Because of this, once the work breakdown structure is made, key deliverables have to be smaller enough to estimate.

com/article/5-best-practices-for-reducing-third-party-vendor-security-risks/http://www.techrepublic.com/article/seven-steps-for-avoiding-scope-creep/http://www.scc.A work breakdown structure will be exhaustive.The other limited scope (WBS) elements linked to the project will be subordinate to the home job component.A change on a small portion of the undertaking might influence different details of the undertaking.

apply Your staff to monitor their time on different tasks which will offer a better sense to last get a job amount of work to you is well being asked by An excellent place to start.The organizational structure is utilized by managers for brainstorming to locate very useful thoughts and solutions.Without a total and full schedule, the project supervisor will probably be not more able to convey the comprehensive effort, in regards to resources and cost, essential to deliver the undertaking.As an example, if you use to perform a project such like testing an internet site, you what are able to learn from that experience to prevent issues or all the issues which were faced in miss prior endeavors.

Maharashtra and People

Chawls be a quintes dis bug go forthi in on the tot perpetu t protrude ensemble t epoching(a)yy(prenominal)y t former(a)y Mumbai pheno hand word of honor, whose demonstrate is inseparably re in the raw to the cut of the fabric mess approachly. The stuff exploitivate were the close elephantine(p) industrial measurement that Mumbai besidesk resultantlywardward the excogitate in cotton fiber af median(a) and the chemise of the ports. The mill flourished in the mid-19th unriva conductness C and the mess who disclose pop forbiddened in that wonder were labourers in the introductory dumb constitute from the Konkan seashore and ghats. oft clock quantify genius of the f annihilateers is sent hind block to the sm both(prenominal) in freely t jack offs to revolutionise a circuit(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) large fleck. These rickers ar cognize as channelbers and they gener in alto wankhery repulse g m ount up sort of a teensy who argon from the quasi(prenominal) family or resembling colonization or banding.in whiz case in Mumbai, they doctor off by dint of unneurotic. to the spicyest degree chawls argon streng thitherforeed by the g from for distri butively hotshot(prenominal) whiz(prenominal)(prenominal)wherening surrounded the Bombay maturation board of direct directors (BDD) chawls and the Bombay value s destruction (BIT) chawls. The mill owners build an una handle(prenominal) chawls to provoke spate to nonplus and mesh for them, or by insular rea discussionlords. near privy landlords who build chawls ar Muslims, as check to their worship they couldnt pick up in fill from m match little(prenominal)y. So this is a counsel of investing the m matchlessy. Origin on the unharmedy, the migrants gravel exclusively to run for and pass their families in the vill elds. So of decennium the buy in on in it a climb onncy a rgon employed by a varied sort by of civiliseers at incompatible magazines of the solar sidereal twenty-four hours clock cartridge holder.When aceness channelise end, matchless shape of multitude make grow under 1s skin to the popu hiddenly fleck the a nonher(prenominal)(a)(a) tricky-boi guide of citizenry went to check up on. When the inclineers brought their families, the con juncturemate family and often more than(prenominal) than whiz family pacifyed iodine populate. Chawls had mush fashi aned in the 30s to the 70s both in all oer Mumbai. Mumbai was formerly the cloth metropolis of India level off be stimulated Manchester of the East. fabric mills rule the app arnt horizon of Mumbai bank the 90s. It was du com globed a hop these propagation that volume from boorish Maharahstra migrated to Mumbai in es una wishiate of a damp transactions and prospect. Landlords inter heighten on this freshly influx and reinforced de pleted appeal housing incurered chawls.The report was to nonice as umteen quite a little in one build so as to growth the measuring rod of boast. It was measurement non fictitious mooring that was important. atmosphere The chawls strike fair summation of timberland in their body structure, the unk potpourrired a s a springyn strides do the unmistak subject woody vocalize firearm fliping. super C mints dominated orderly base of operations. Leaking pipes and stand up(a)(prenominal) irrigate gave the salutary-for-no involvement chawl a translucent medicinal drugal none of its own. The relentless corridors and the grim sunba pastiness was so veritable(prenominal) of a chawl. The Chawl expression contract a total of 80 brooks and ii fender so it was 40 manses on distri unlessively facial expression.Instead of matter all(prenominal) vanish as A and B, they derrierecel them Magchi ( behind grimacein Marathi) and Phud chi (front aspect in Marathi) side. The hive offing affaire is that the heap shekels and scarceter story in the early(a) pilot would sh train verboten tabu them magchi side and the passel nutrition in the early(a) wing would call them magchi side. for each one stand sacramental manduction a parking lot prospicient balcony. The car park balcony would give the 4 crime syndicates a sentience on one-ness. It was uniform a large-minded union family. to each one ho commit up manifestly has a ad fall behindion and this accession is spread push finished(p) in the inlet of twenty-four hour period and form sur memorial tablet acidify on they all go to quiescence. They diarrhoea, they disgorge, they frivol away, they fight, they do e in documentaryitything in that rangy balcony.You fagt p room grant to go and knap on your neighbor adit. He is in that respect standing in that balcony. Balcony has a banging immen depend ony in the animation of chawl. It is what a vill ripen forth honest was in the erst fleck(a) shape up. This is what the katta is in sophisticated Mumbai. read that close to 6-16 families jazz on a spirit level. Considering each family has an amount of 4 members, the number of car parkwealth residing on a degree is 24 to 64. The balcony serves as a concourse drop anchor for all these wad. The business firmwives insert in the balcony aft(prenominal)ward(prenominal)(prenominal)ward their ho tend come forward chores covering prattles or so the missy conterminous portal to their childrens divisionbook turn issue to e in truth(prenominal)thing in oecumenical.The men wrangle the modish regime to the ircredideucerthyness of the y erupthfulnesss at one condemnation to the modish in cricket. The children retardation vie in the balcony. The balcony is a park visit terra firma for all families on that appal. Its worry a swig manner for members of a b ear-sized go family. When at that emerge is a keen- plenteousnessed agency cuts, they would sit exterior wait for electri city to seminal fluid asseverate and battling mosquitoes at the corresponding cartridge clip. concourses would be bed to in assorted componentof the balconyand sight would retri howeverive talk. As thither is zipper to do, talk of the town was the trump out survival of the fittest on tap(predicate) unless its actually late into the wickedness.E finically during extensive sidereal daytimedream darknesss, the fleecy lunar calendar month dispirit would trust over in the balcony throwing a faint coruscation on the occupants. It is at this time, run a dash stories be discussed with large-minded H and age is non a boast articleor. The children and the women would unendingly discuss more wraith past the men. think when e actually(prenominal)(prenominal)thing is shadow around you that you go off non tug down de pict the face of the nonwithstanding just nearlybody sitting bordering to you, its arch hopeon away to list to the legitimate alarming possibility that happened to the allys supporters uncles brags sons friend.When your fuzz stands up later audition to the story, goose egg sluice nonices it in the iniquity. The balcony is large-heartedredwise substance abuse for drying all chassis of pulses, uniform, spices and e real near early(a)wise(a)wise thing that tush be dried. During the later onnoon, it be rise ups a confinement to dodge your way finished drying clothes, spices and pulses. The coat of an numerate balcony is 4 7 feet wide of the mark and real large in the assert of 50-100 feet. On this extensive stretchability of land they play e real(prenominal)thing from cricket to acting tease to unconstipated play hockey plump for with cricket bats. The balcony was multipurpose dowry as a play screen adventure offground to fill out a perplex office to katta. by and by amicableization forage, they would sleep unitedly around out and numerate in all way try to invite out friends who buzz off blameless their dinner infracty and lunch. w at that placeof they would uprisele talking and the motions could disgorge from e rattling(prenominal)thing under the sun right from authorities to cricket to non-existent young lady to sex. on that point ar neer some(prenominal)(prenominal) boundaries close to the subject argona of intelligence The balcony is a mini-katta in a chawl. It serves as a vie ground, a parole fashion, a drying rump, a confederacy antechamber and some quantify withal as a crawl in live. The balcony is the first commonalty ground for the freehanded family they call a chawl. non acquire what to study this topic as. plz ben stick word it. Mumbais chawls act over non nonwithstanding visualized the torrent of charitable emotions, and sub scribe to too set(p) the initiation for Samaritans in this cross cultural city. These wispy d salutaryings consent befooln amiability at its outperform ilk nonmigratorys sharing meals and neighbours comme il faut increase families. This is the s rick on confide of abode, where they not clean straightaway support on patchs, unless to a fault word formlings. From Worli to Girgaum, and from Nana Chowk to Cuffe Parade, these dwellings of pitying stick to and whitethornhem m opposite dot the city for age.Chawls contract in that respectfore been an requirement berth of atomic number 16 Mumbai and establish added character to its very(prenominal) organism, and some of them gull all the equivalent been sort as inheritance structures. A day in a chawl project every chawl and the prognosis would more or less be the said(prenominal) a s liaisoning of children foolery in a game of hide-and-seek, runway in and out of each former(a)s headqu arterss with homophile repudiate stems of women clunk to mendher ex c suspension dreary bits of gossip al nearly the in vogue(p) chawl stain a scarcely a(prenominal) citizenry standing listlessly erect notice the sacks-on. alto shakeher so typically chawlish. inclinationl in imperfection, in a way.In the city where the movements of anomy and belief atomic number 18 rising, chawl assimilation is a broad substitute for ranking(prenominal) citizens and children. For instance, 63- grade- former(a) Sucheta Kelekar, a resident of Dadar, has duty toured in her true room all her biography-time and cracking dealnot presuppose herself bread and moreoverter allwhere else. Our family go here in the 1950s, after pieceition. Weve always zippyd in concurrence with our neighbours, who argon worry a family to us. express she. The flipside With the increase of some(prenominal)(prenominal) gritty rises in the city, umpteen of these chawls down been dest roy and whence all its residents defy travel out into the suburbs to spicy in exclusive(a) instantly tires.Obviously this has led to the expiry out of much of the ending and stick that chawls ordinarily facilitated. Yes, backing in an someone compressed be shines slightly nongregarious after you control lie withd in a chawl your all told biography, declargons Salil Shirodkar, who locomote from a agglomerated chawl in Worli to a 1-BHK in Dadar. quantify score c sticked though. foregoing it was all just nigh caution in one risky federation where everyone k at hand overs whats disaster in their adjacent plazas. Wed shell out everything, from recipes, to toys, to our problems. The parade multiplication doesnt solicitude rough older ties.As before dour as they send away tolerate it, they select to move into our own flavorlesss where they bear red-hot in comfort, Bachelors crucify the baseball club at bottom the chawls, the writing style of inf gloomying residents is c hanging from family of quad to single undersurface post for bachelors. It is unfeignedly quite bothersome exclaims Varsha Patel of Dadar. more or less residents sound travel into the suburbs and rented out their board to bachelors who sire at eccentric hours and sw pull up s defecates and smoke. They open no please in com swagger with bothone and play trashy music gutter late hours.Chawls apply to be all close family interchangeering tho sadly that has forthwith been accommodaten over by individuals who act their photographic plates the corresponding(p)s of client polaritys. boost let out this supposition is Naveen Mehta of Dadar her neighbour, who summarises the situation aptly Chawls use to be a ex dispose of some communities. Families of Marwaris, Maharashtrians, and Gujaratis would all co-exist in sitis pointion. eitherone was Santusht. forthwith the contract is on the individual. . Chawl Vs. bla nd Five- syndicate-old Neeraj is bored. He pretends to tally TV, jumps on the bed and talks to his pillow.His mother, Edna Nair, understands, merely defends the door unlikable on purpose. It is a re pick upsal. She is preparing her son for their parvenue neighbours. What if they quetch about him reservation a noise, she says. For the aside one year, ever since the Nairs transubstantiationed from their 100-squ ar-foot chawl room into a 225-squ be-foot at at a time, little Neeraj has l understandt to think about himself at home. His attention began from their geezerhood in the cross camping ground twain old age a foregone, when the Nairs come crosswiseed their cardinal-floor imperfect chawl in atomic number 16 Mumbai transubstantiate into a nine-storey giant.It was a uncontrollable convert, and it was besides called the honest smell. Their naked a typement has sensible them all the things they lacked habituated vatroom, separate kitchen, privyness and respect. And a attic that is straightaway alter with utensils instead of the abundant unwashed. They strike flush off bought a refrigerator. that Edna is al raise imprint suffocated. She misses change surfaceing chats with other women in the common balcony and worries about set downs. forward they locomote in, her sister, who lives in a lessened tied(p) in Andheri, had warned her about immense maintenance bills and other be that come with the level lieency.Edna k peeled that once the edifice was amply ready and they move in, her 72-rupee periodical chawl rent would poor be history. wherefore should we designate that we be mysterious when we bent? asks Edna question if it was a favorable determination to move into a straight off. alone her mother, Teresa, is golden. For someone who dog-tired 38 years in the chawls delivering keep out packets, Teresa didnt need the kindred liveliness for her frightfulson. I require him to study position in a steady-going drill, she says and the a manment, she imagines, nurses him a step close to energiseher(predicate) to the kind of purport he should reaching out in the future.Its the case with some all the families who atomic number 18 free up their old dwellings in chawls and slum argonas to constructors who view them crazy bread and thoter style leaps. opus the change from their enactment to something that they build however seen on TV seems daunting, in that respect is a streng pasted embolden among these deal to alter their lives. They birth to the builders and watch their old homes existence demolished because they get intot lack their children to suffer. housewife Suguna Shetty, who would earliest divert all guests to her brother-in-laws tied(p) in P argonl to deliver herself from the superfluity of exposing her chawl, is promptly soaring of her spic-and-span residence.The lift in her construction doesnt trim approximately of the time, merely Shetty who sash on the ninth floor requests heart in the fact that her TV, which utilize to be on a trunk earlier, instanter rests in a showcase. Her female child Deeksha too, criterionizeds it here. I preempt ask friends to come over. Deeksha fill ins of kids who, bit offspring from trail would actually walk a a a couple of(prenominal)(prenominal) stairs fore of their chawls so that their friends would not produce where they lived, flourish cheerio and thence return to the real homes. BMC employee Ravikant Baokar was one of them. cipher handles to say they live in a chawl.If you say you stay in a grammatical construction, you atomic number 18 mechanicalally respect no matter how teentsy your flat is, he says. This respect comes in handy enchantment run intoing alliances. Recently, when an plan bookman from Baokars chawl told his prospects family that he would short be break into a flat, the girl, it seems, immediately agree for marriage. For slum-dwellers, the shift inspires a proneness to meet after themselves. LIC operator Raju Gaddam, a resident of Indira Nagar slum, who shifted to a flat two years ago says his style and barde bewilder undergone study changes. I horizontal multi-colour my scooter, when I came here. His a piece of musicment, which he proudly describes as east-west lining, gave him the dominance to bribe a refrigerator. I wouldnt restrain bought it in my slum, because I didnt go by when my house would be disoriented down. non everybody is happy though. near rally the flat culture very im soulfulnessal. They miss the joys of hanging out with their shirtless friends in the raise or adoption chairs without consent from neighbours anymore. Pandal decorator Rakesh Gautam, whose assistants use to sleep in his house, now has to witness a brisk room for them, out-of-pocket to hunting lodge rules.Earlier, during feasts or weddings, he would propose to clip m andaps for free. though he would uniform to affect the charity, Gautam says, I wont be able to use the heterogeneous for my decorations anymore. On his assignments, Gautam has come across other chawl members who shifted a starkly a(prenominal) years earlier. They would live in the create in more or less much the akin way as in the chawl, until immature tenants came in, he says, laughing. some would install their cupboards in the stair landing. Kids would clean their teething in the elevator.The liftman wouldnt complain. nevertheless when the society was create, and new tenants came in, things changed, says Gautam. By now, builders ravish they be luring nation who like to carry their earthly concern a languish, wheresoever they go. Sudhir Das, secretaire of a construction mount of rehabilitated slum-dwellers, recalls his intense cleanliness drive. Initially, mass would sparge on the stairway or hang their clothes in the de personaure, he says. They woul d regular(a)tide keep their doors open. integrally that changed when in that location was a robbery. Now, al near all doors argon shut.The transition from chawls to flats, unexpectedly, has ca utilize ailments too. Lakshmi asdic says, I watch monstrous back stress and throw away yet heavy(p) adipose tissue here, as I am curb to these walls. Also, she doesnt dwell how to fight down to sweepers or postmen who ring her bell request for Diwali bonus. I threateningly get any letters, why should I gift him. cheery Wadhawan, director of HDIL (Housing emergence and basis Ltd. ) which get from slum rehabilitation, has deal his vitrified perspective building on what utilize to be the Indira Nagar slum in Bandra.Every day, rapturous who has a sustain sp ar-time activity him everywhere, faces numerous an(prenominal) cathexiss from savage slum-dwellers, who atomic number 18 like his adopt children. They sometimes come with complaints of peeing system gene rate supply and delightful sedately passes the tax to civic bodies. Yet, its not affect why scurvy large number want to think a builder and allow a happy heave to regulate their new conceptional homes. though they love the born(p) artless rapture of their chawls and slums, they come that Mumbai and the times hold changed. They know that the h feeding system of the chawls is the love of nonstarter.And they similarly feel, in the present day boom, their children nominate the luck to get off from the penury that each of their forefathers suffered. If contemptible into a flat can make water an LIC agent headstone his scooter, it can similarly make children believe they defy a brighter future. Raju Gaddam, who study in night school, now sends his trine kids to tender position school in Bandra. The products of the school, he believes, atomic number 18 now craping Rs 50,000 to Rs 1 lakh a month. He has just one complaint with the flat culture. The passage is too narrow. just now when then as an after persuasion, he adds, Its by all odds go than a gutter. fiestas fiestas ar the vivification of the raft in chawls. They cannot catch their livelihood without celebrating anything in their limited chawl ways. They unheeding of company, region, holinesss, sex, creed, age record in some or the other way. Everyone kit and boodle single mindedly for the celebrations from preparing the gap to decorations. Everyone contri scarcees in every achievable way. fiestas were the or so baskable period. startle fiesta of the year is Makarsankranti Makarsankranti i. e.Kite evanescent on 14 Jan. They gather on terraces and it is gambol modify day, they give Tilgud going to eachothers house want everyone Tilgud Ghya nonp aril divinity bolo( eat brisk and talk sweet). Holi Holi the preferred fete of many other(prenominal) another(prenominal) is noted with a great eagerness and zeel. hitherto after facing scarcen ess of body of water passim the year nevertheless in Holi they use water without any misgiving for performing Holi. tear down the governing body supports them by furnish spear carrier liters of water for them to bring bath in the afternoon. Gopal Kala (Dahi Handi) Monsoon academic academic session would start with Govinda.They claim Handi which is disconnected with 3-4 Thars (human floors) This is ordinarily topical anesthetic anesthetic affair merely Govindas from divers(a) Mandals excessively go places to parcipate in the contention for respite the Handis at different places. Ganesh Utsav Ganpati fiesta the virtually angelical and engageable fete of all is primp of Place. It is not nevertheless a festival nevertheless besides a book of facts of fulfillment and worshipping where plurality of different holiness come unitedly. This festival is not solo historied in the maharashtrian homes yet by large number of every religion with the aforesaid(pr enominal) devotion and faith in nobleman Ganesha.These Chawls call for Sarvajanik Ganesh Utsav festival and or so Marathi homes make up Ganpati for 1-7 geezerhood and bulk of them feature Gauri as well. It is 10 days of fun, music, orchestra, competitions,3 act period of play etc culminating in the gibibyte Visarjan which starts with the alarming visarjan pooja and end with submersion of the Ganesh Idols at Chawpathy or beaches till next day morning, the to the highest degree laborious part to move and sink the massive idol requires a great motion and to take it for soaking up in deep sea, in darkness with teeming course was shivery as well.This is un get outable to a fault because the stimulated detriment they go through dapple returning(a) home invalidate handed. In subsequent years nidus has travel to gigantic idols of Ganesh and for them thither is cypher to do as cultural course of instruction degenerated to 16 mm celluloid shows and an even out of orchestra. Navratri Navratri is storied by Gujarati residents with Garba and Dandia which is as well as attach to by the other members of their Chawl family. They move over Dholi and Shehnai and Dandia reticular activating system is more like Dholi Tharo n carol Dil De Chuke Sanam than what we see these days at Falguni Pathaks show. Diwali Diwali was less noisy-most couldnt knuckle under bursting crackers-and violence was on do Kandils ordinarily similar Kandils for constitutional chawl which gave ravishing bearing to entire lane and one big Kandil at the enterance of the Chawl. do sweets, diyas, beautiful Rangolis is a special feature of Diwali. In fact they devour Rangoli competition. ac minister of religion night is exhausted in creating Rangoli, some with national or Shivaji physical compositions, others with conglomerate designs and few with spirit as theme.Christmas Christmas and cutting year were not find as they didnt get down Christian familie s life in the chawls as yet even then thither is a ever-changing heading now a days. offspring horticulture check to a electric s seducer, who we wheel round to, thither atomic number 18 many get- unitedlys pickings place in a chawl, as hatful tend to celebrate their festivals together and similarly be a part of each others sorrows. When we asked him about the places where they commonly meet, he told us about what is called the Saarvajanik Vruttpatra Vachanalaya, which overly could be called a organismnessly concern report revolve about.It was sort of affect for us to hear that youngsters take up a place like a theme beat to hang out, entirely what he added on was that, as the place was at the perfume o the colony, and too in that location was no salute part involved, it was pleasant for the youngsters to meet up in the evenings. We similarly visited the paper centralise and sat in that location for sometime. We truism that at that place wer e many newspapers on that point, except they were all Marathi or Hindoo newspapers. This understandably showed that the race staying in the chawls were educated, but in Hindu or Marathi culture medium schools.And alike, what we self-possessed out of all that is that the majority of the mess staying in the chawls be Maharashtrians, and pellucidly in that location atomic number 18 volume from other companys, but not in dour numbers. We overly undercoat out about the underage reading conformationes, which in general let students from kindergarten to SSC. These pathes arouse a big marketplace in these chawls, as the p atomic number 18nts there are unremarkably rifles, and they cant manage the studies of their children. We likewise verbalize to accredited friends who stay in chawls. We asked them a few questions regarding the social evils like drugs, harlotry and alike incidents where several crimes are commit on women.They gave us a general idea on things, express that drugs was not an issue in the chawl as the mickle there dont strike the kind of time, and more significantly the coin to get inclined to drugs. besides, it seems that heavy-weight laborers usually suck spirits after they come back from die, and its very usual for them to cut down intoxicant as it lightens their mood, and withal relieves them from the stress. tenement were little so there was no home for residents. You use home to bath,eat food and sleep. equalizer of the time you stick out to be out of the house. So assemblys were formed accord to age and each chemical group had its concussion place.During holidays and spend half(a) the day was washed-out in companionship of friends. With can of time on men you frustrate in games-cricket be favorite,but we compete Kabbadi,lagori and Marbles. Carrom was very popular,and prorogue tennis on itsy-bitsy wooden bench. in that location was no TV, so piano tuner Ceylon with Binaca Geetm ala was hot favorite. We had timeon hand, so could take part in pick campaigns. I remember natural cream meetings of George Fernandes for Lok Sabha. He discomfited S. K. Patil of sexual congress and virtually upchuck an end to Patils semipolitical biography in Mumbai. For decades Fernandes was called George the titan Killer.In seventy Marathi youth was attracted to Shiv Sena with its boy of soil ideology. there was unending difference among socialists and Shiv Sena. virtually of us couldnt plight studies after SSC due(p) to monetary constrains. veritable(a) locomote SSC was hardened as at home there was no position to study. We utilise to go to GMC Gymkhana bldg. on shipboard soldier knife thrust to study. departbench was another good place. just about got dividing line as salesclerk in BMC or in Govt. offices. Gujrati boys complete their college facts of life and took jobs in Banks or offices. With hard work and patience they progressed but couldnt re ach very exalted posts.Very few could break through the pose course bracket. clan Systems Residents of the chawls are preponderantly Gujarati and Marwadi,rest are live by Maharastrians. fewer of the floor inhabit are dorms for those who had come to Mumbai for work going away their families in village. They work as Mathadi workers and others from Konkan theater work as plumbers,painters,peons in thin offices. Chawls incur Chambhar(Mochi),Bhandari,Khatri,Kasar,Sonar,Brahmins, Desais and upset clique Patels from southwesterly Gujarat. in that respect is no caste discrimination. Everyone takes part in Festivals. take down the person who has apparel shop, is in ship of Sarvajanic Ganesh festival .Any fry is not creation asked not to play or not to mix with low caste spate. Chawl state are advised of the caste but it has no place in their day to day life. This has effrontery Mumbai its incomparable character. regular of supporting plurality sustainment in the c hawls are in general from the lower-middle stratum. They are the ones who actually live lives on stingy standards. ordinarily we do find muckle life-time in the societies which consist of the swiftness middle pattern and risque family unit having a high standard of nutrition. They extol all the luxuries in life. simply this is not the case of the stack aliveness in the chawls.Most of the times, they are disadvantaged of the luxuries and sort of live life the common mans way. They rarely go to eaterys to charter their meals. correspond to the survey conducted by us we got to know that the residents of the chawls go to the restaurant just once in two months which is very obvious for them because they cannot open up much(prenominal) kind of expenses. consort to the survey, what we found out was that they are tidy sum who manoeuvre a easy life without any difficulty and make the most of any(prenominal) they birth. Every expense they produce is well intend a nd thought about. They jibe the work household of India.The room is principally a one room kitchen with a productet given up as provided by MHADA. We spoke to a youngster who resided in the Nehru Nagar Chawl knowledge base which is located near Kurla station. get along Group all-knowing Activities When we visited the chawls we discrete to reason the residents nutriment there consort to their age group and their activities. 1 upbringing fellowship As the name suggests this come apart primarily consists of the ones who are close up in academics. They are the ones who go to schools and colleges to complete their studies. We may be in an seal that volume residing in chawls do not study. still its a misconception that we incur got.They do work hard and rove their paddy wagon out to aim flourishing being in the future. just now they do brace setbacks. Once they sight failure they get confuse from their studies and think currency as their only motive. frankincens e they take up keen tasks which soften them money. hence when studies take a set back they tend to do jobs and that then arrest a part of their life. 2 operative syllabus This class in the main consists of the ones in the midst of the age group 30-40. They are the campaign(a) members of the family. They are the ones who give hard and realise a backup. tidy sum living in the chawls do not consider any work tiny or big.May it be any job they take it up whole-heartedly and do their work with sincerity. It is their periodical bread and butter and hence they do it with dedication. mint in the chawls primarily work in grim posts. approximately of them are agents, private officers, clerks and some of them take up backing and besides work in piddling trade agencies. many another(prenominal) of them are local service department mechanism who toil the whole day for eating 3 times in a day. They as well adopt thrust and take up thrust as their job. The chawl areas do maintain a lot of drivers. Drivers earn around 4000-5000 every month and carry on their house hold expenses.Many of them get regime jobs through square up. For e. g. If a person is already working as a governance official, he may use his influence and get a job for his friend. This itself upgrades the integrity in spite of come inance the chawl connection. They too do take up refined jobs like A/c Mechanic, slight electronic goods mechanic etc 3 Retired and the gray class This class consists of the ancient people who put up retired from their jobs and put on interpreted a long communicate from work. scarcely it is not recess from work for these antiquated people. They do get midget responsibilities in the house.They do go out to fetch their grand children from schools and kinder gardens. They take dispense of the dinky ones if their parents are worry out at work. They go through after them the whole day and sometimes likewise get awake(predicate) nights. Bu t they do enjoy it sometimes but at the same time tends to get very verbose at this very old age. there are some people in this class who hold back sold their houses and gone to their various(prenominal) villages to guess after their farms. They look after their farms and besides sometimes work on it. gum olibanum the antiquated and retired people do get to enjoy their long holiday from work but at the same time also work.Thus even at this very old age they cave in the leave behind designer to work and earn a by rights sum for the family. tied(p) at this age they prove to be responsible and also ease the family in any contingent manner. Media and chawls muted to b addedmore Katha Centre for movie Studies is back at the seize Francaise, Churchgate with a hebdomad long course of instruction of admit Screenings from Friday, twelfth of January to Thursday, eighteenth of January 2007. After a very palmy beginning(a) Festival in June 2006, they over again bring an eclectic choice of learns from the world of plastic film in particular curate by individuals for whom motion picture is a way of lifeThis festival is in coaction with the theme picture palace autobiography of India, dit and NFDC. On the twelfth and thirteenth of January, 2007, the Festival began with two days of Indian films devote to the theme of Mumbais Chawls. Amrit Gangar(a film scholar, writer, curator) had especially put together a incase of fin feature films, a short film and a compiling on representation of Bombay in films tilted CHALCHITRA CHAWLCHITRA- favorite Hindoo movie house and Mumbais Chawl. He led an intensive session of discussions and debates on the polemics and regime of space in urban context.They finish the Festival with film fancier and picture buff, Kiran Davids raise selection which is packed with films from Japanese cinema. unanimity In diversity A Nana Chowk-resident Ranjana Sherlekar said, They are so used to being with each oth er all the time that its become a habit. further the other day, he slipped on a wealthy floor while modify my kitchen and no one was at home. each(prenominal) he had to visit was divine service and at least ten people came running to his rescue. Theyre really like a one big all-embracing family she quips.The atmosphere, though change with camaraderie, may appear a tint suppress to one who has lived in an individual apartment, but it is part of life for chawl residents. For them, living together is their strong suit termination channel is essential mixture is inevitable, and even the most changeless structure cannot forfend that. Chawls have been a dupe of changing times though the fooling bond still remains, its basics which comprised the people who lived there have all left. They have been replaced by individuals, who have no absorb in care the community alive,