October Sky Psychology Write-Up

Film Write-up 1 October Sky is a based on a true story about a mining town called Coalwood and one boy’s journey. Homer Hickam is an adolescent boy whose life has been predetermined by his father, a foreman at the coalmine, to work down in the mines but he has a different plan for his life. In October 1957, everything changes when the first artificial satellite, Sputnik goes into orbit. After he sees the satellite flying across the night’s sky, Homer becomes inspired to learn how to build rockets.With his friends, who also are destined for the mines, and the local nerd, Homer sets to do just that by trial and a lot of error. Unfortunately, most of the town, especially Homer's father, thinks that the boys are wasting their time. They don’t believe in what these kids are trying to accomplish, the only one who has faith in them is their high school teacher, Miss Riley. She understands what they’re trying to do and gives them the support and encouragement they need to become contenders in the national science fair with a college scholarships and a life out of the mines being the prize.The four boys, Homer being their leader, fight through accusations by the law and attempts to destroy their dreams. They ban together along with the help of their once doubting town, in particular Homer’s father, to bring home the first prize at the science fair and go on to change their stars. Throughout the movie you could see there was great tension between Homer and his father and I think it affects the relationships that he makes in the movie. At first we see Homer pining after one of the beautiful popular girls in his school but she is unattainable.Just like his father’s relationship, he can’t have the affection that he wants and because of this he overlooks the girl who it quiet but beautiful inside and out who is clearly in love with him. Once Homer figures out his place in the community and realizes he doesn’t need to wo rk hard for a love that’s not there he opens himself up to a real true love. I would characterize this as Erikson’s stage, intimacy versus isolation where young adults need to form intimate, loving relationships and failure leads to loneliness and isolation.Because he struck out with the popular girl he went into isolation and focused only on his rockets. We also see Homer in Erikson’s stage of identity versus role confusion, while he was figuring out what his heart wanted we also see him trying to figure himself out. In the beginning, Homer didn’t know who he was, or what his life path was going to be. He knew his father and the rest of the town had the idea that he would be a coal miner but he wasn’t so sure what life held for him.It wasn’t until his teacher encouraged him to push himself intellectually that he found his love for rocketry and science that he really began to find his identity. In the end when he becomes this town hero and w ins the science fair, his father shows up to his final rocket launch for the first time and we see Homer really feeling like he’s become his own man and he has that respect he’s always wanted from his father. I would also say that Homer exhibits two of the characteristics of adolescent egocentrism; he shows invincibility fable and personal fable.In the very beginning of the movie when Homer starts out testing his very first rockets they weren’t well made or accurate but he still went ahead and tested out his ideas without throwing any caution to the wind. His very first rocket blew up his mother’s fence but he still carried on making his ideas into a reality without testing them in a safe environment, the next rocket flew into the mining site and almost hit the workers. As Homer became more seasoned in his rocket making and more serious about his craft, he moved his test launches to an empty field which proved to be much safer for him and the community ar ound him.The other characteristic he exhibits is personal fable. He feels that his life is destined for something bigger than what has been set out for him. He believes there is something unique about himself that he needs to share with the world. While his father and everyone else, including his friends, look down on this idea of breaking out of the mold he still stuck with his idea of becoming something bigger and better. At the end of the story he does in fact become the town hero and his dreams of greatness come to fruition as he grows up.

Notes Apush Chapter 16 a People and a Nation

Chapter 16 – Reconstruction: An Unfinished Revolution, 1865-1877 I. Introduction The end of the Civil War brought profound changes to the United States. Reconstruction changed some things, but it did little regarding social equality and political turmoil. In the end, the government established black suffrage, but this reform proved insufficient to remake the South or to guarantee human rights. II. Wartime Reconstruction A. Lincoln’s 10 Percent Plan Lincoln planned for a swift and moderate Reconstruction process.Under his 10 Percent Plan, he proposed that as soon as 10 percent of the voting population in the 1860 election took an oath and established a government, it would be recognized. Replaced majority with loyal rule, promised pardons to ex-confeds B. Congress and the Wade-Davis Bill Congress was not happy Lincoln didn’t consult them. Responding negatively to Lincoln’s Reconstruction plan, Thaddeus Stevens advocated a â€Å"conquered province† th eory, the South waged war as a foreign nation, thus, they should be treated like one, and Charles Sumner advanced a â€Å"state suicide† theory.In July 1864, Congress passed the Wade-Davis bill by which the process of readmission to the Union was to be harsh and slow. Lincoln pocket-vetoed the bill. Wade-David Bill- To reenter the Union 1. A majority of white males had to participate in government 2. To vote or be a delegate in Constitutional conventions they had to take an ironclad (oath saying they never supported the confederacy) 3. All ranks above Lieutenant couldn’t become citizens of the United States C. Thirteenth Amendment and the Freedmen’s Bureau Congress passed the Thirteenth Amendment on January 31, 1865.On March 3, 1865, Congress created the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands to aid southern refugees- provided food, medical services, schooling, and jobs for refugees. Petitions were started by women and the public, the amendment outlaw ed involuntary slavery and said the govn’t couldn’t change it The landscape was in ruins along with the economy, many families faced starvation III. The Meanings of Freedom A. The Feel of Freedom Many former slaves began to explore freedom by searching for family members or exercising their right of mobility. Others reacted more cautiously.Most settled as workers on their former farms or plantation but attempted to control the conditions of their labor. B. Reunion of African American Families Relying on the black community in the South, thousands of former slaves began odysseys to find family members. Ads were put in the papers. C. Blacks’ Search for Independence Many blacks tried to avoid contact with overbearing whites by abandoning their slave quarters and relocating their houses. Some even established all-black settlements. They wanted the sense of freedom D. African Americans’ Desire for LandNext to freedom, blacks wanted land most of all. Since they could not secure solid support in the North, however, few obtained their dream of independence. Blacks were given land but President Johnson took it away and gave it back to the Whites. They wanted a secure promise the land would still be theirs after they cultivated it E. The Black Embrace of Education Many African Americans eagerly sought an education. They paid $1-1. 50 a month for education if needed. They really wanted to learn. Federal aid and northern charity helped start thousands of schools for freedmen in the South.Many black leaders were very well educated; they established many universities and colleges alongside the whites. F. Growth of Black Churches In an effort to gain more independence from whites, African Americans established their own churches, which became the social center of their new freedom. Black establishments used to be hidden; now they could freely worship. The church was the wealthiest institution in Black life. G. Rise of the Sharecropping System Blac ks could not get credit, and sharecropping became widespread.Sharecropping was where the landowner would receive payment by the crop grown on their land, usually half would be given to them and the other half would be for the black farmer. Owners often cheated their tenants. The main crop was cotton which lost its value IV. Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan A. Who Was Andrew Johnson? Johnson was the only senator from a seceded state (Tennessee) who refused to follow his state out of the Union. At heart he was really a Jacksonian Democrat, not a Republican. He believed in limited government and was a white supremacist. As a senator he favored the small farmers over the aristocrats. B.Johnson’s Leniency and Racial Views Johnson’s belief that black suffrage could never be imposed on a southern state by the federal government put him on a collision course with the Radical Republicans. C. Johnson’s Pardon Policy Johnson hoped to keep prewar leaders from participat ing in the Reconstructed South. Nevertheless, he ended up pardoning most of them and thus restored the old elite. People had to apply directly to Johnson for pardoning. He appointed his own governors to keep the old ones out of power. Only southerners who took the oath of loyalty could vote for or against reconstruction so there was little opposition in the votes.Unpardoned men and former slave couldn’t vote. Many former elites were returned into power, even the VP of the confederacy D. Black Codes Johnson’s pardons upset many Republicans, but the discriminatory black codes revealed the depth of southern defiance. Blacks had to abide by the rules of their landowners, almost returning them to their slave status. V. The Congressional Reconstruction Plan Congress had the power of admission of states. They believed they had the right to change and alter the reconstruction plans. What was the relationship between the South and Union now that the war happened?Conservatives b elieved that the South was conquered and it was subject to the rule of the conquering country. A. The Radicals The Radicals wanted to transform the South, and they were willing to exclude it from the Union until they had achieved their goal. By refusing to work with conservative and moderate Republicans, Johnson and the Democrats forced them to work with the Radicals. B. Congress Wrests Control from Johnson Congress worked to extend the Freedmen’s Bureau and to pass a civil rights law counteracting the black codes. Johnson vetoed these bills, ending hopes of compromise.This showed Johnson’s own racism against colored people C. The Fourteenth Amendment This amendment gave citizenship to freedmen, prohibited states from interfering with constitutional rights, declared the Confederate war debt null and void, barred Confederate leaders from holding state and federal office, and punished any state that restricted extension of the right to vote to black men. This was a major move in African American rights. It excluded women altogether in the right to vote and gained much protest from women’s rights groups. D. The South’s and Johnson’s Defiance, 1866At the urging of President Johnson, all southern states except Tennessee rejected the Fourteenth Amendment. Having won overwhelmingly in the 1866 congressional elections, Republicans decided to form new southern state governments. Johnson personally went and spoke about how Radicals were traitors for taking over reconstruction E. The Reconstruction Acts of 1867-1868 Congress set up five military districts in the South, guaranteed freedmen the right to vote in elections for state constitutional conventions, required congressional approval of all new state constitutions, and declared that southern states must accept the Fourteenth Amendment.First Reconstruction Act admitted all states back into the Union. F. The Failure of Land Redistribution Thaddeus Stevens (radical) failed to win appro val for his plan to confiscate and redistribute land in the former Confederate states. G. Constitutional Crisis Congress passed a number of controversial laws, including the Tenure of Office Act (gave the senate the power to approve changes in the president’s cabinet), by overriding presidential vetoes. Johnson proceeded to take several belligerent steps, including removal of Secretary of War Stanton and giving power to civil governments and the military.These all got vetoed by Johnson then overridden by a 2/3 vote in congress.. Congressional tyranny? H. Impeachment of President Johnson After Johnson removed Secretary of War Stanton, Congress impeached the president. This had been tried twice before. Although acquitted in the Senate, Johnson suffered politically. I. Election of 1868 Grant, a supporter of congressional Reconstruction and of black suffrage in the South, won the 1868 presidential election against Horatio Seymour. Republicans supported congressional reconstructio n and black suffrage in the South where Democrats supported white supremacy and denounced reconstruction J.Fifteenth Amendment In 1869, Radicals succeeded in passing the Fifteenth Amendment, which prohibited denying the right to vote based on â€Å"race, color, or previous condition of servitude. † Voting rights of women could still be denied and other tests could be enacted to deny voting to other groups. With this many saw reconstruction as finished. VI. Reconstruction Politics in the South A. White Resistance Whites in the South resisted Reconstruction. Some denied freedom to their slaves, while others prevented blacks from getting land. B.Black Voters and Emergence of a Southern Republican Party Thanks to a large black voter turnout and restrictions on prominent Confederates, a new southern Republican Party controlled the state constitutional conventions of 1868-1870. C. Triumph of Republican Governments Republican victory in the South meant that for the first time black citizens gained political office. Southern Republicans worked to build white support for the party. D. Industrialization Republican governments tried to industrialize the South, but higher taxes for that purpose drew money away from education and other reforms.E. Republican Policies on Racial Equality Economic progress remained uppermost in the minds of most southern blacks. They accepted segregated facilities in return for other opportunities. F. The Myth of â€Å"Negro Rule† Southern Conservatives used economic and social pressure on blacks as well as inflammatory racist propaganda to undermine congressional Reconstruction. G. Carpetbaggers and Scalawags In their propaganda, Conservatives labeled northerners seeking economic opportunity as â€Å"carpetbaggers† and white southerners who supported the Republicans as â€Å"scalawags. H. Tax Policy and Corruption as Political Wedges Although an increase in taxes was necessary just to maintain traditional services, Repub lican tax policies aroused strong opposition. The corruption with which Republicans were charged was often true. I. Ku Klux Klan The Ku Klux Klan terrorized black leaders in an effort to curb their support for the Republicans. J. Failure of Reconstruction A number of things brought about the collapse of the Republican regimes, forcing them out of office before they instituted social and economic reforms. VII.Reconstruction Reversed A. Political Implications of Klan Terrorism Congress passed two Enforcement Acts in 1870 and 1871 in an effort to counteract Klan violence. The laws were enforced selectively. Congressional opponents of these laws charged that Congress was infringing on states’ rights. B. The Liberal Republican Revolt Although Grant won reelection in 1872, the revolt of the Liberal Republicans in conjunction with opposition from the Democrats reinforced Grant’s desire to avoid confrontation with white southerners. C. A General AmnestyIn 1872, Congress offere d amnesty to most remaining former Confederates, and in 1875 it offered a watered-down Civil Rights Act that the Supreme Court eventually struck down. D. Reconciliation and Industrial Expansion Both industrialization and immigration surged in the years immediately after the Civil War. Then came the Panic of 1873. E. Greenbacks Versus Sound Money Many Americans wanted to keep â€Å"greenbacks† in circulation, but Grant, along with many Congressmen, industrialists, and financiers, supported sound money. F. Judicial Retreat from ReconstructionSupreme Court decisions, by narrowing the meaning of the Fourteenth Amendment and by denying equal rights, encouraged the northern retreat from Reconstruction. G. Disputed Election of 1876 and the Compromise of 1877 The disputed election between Rutherford B. Hayes and Samuel Tilden resulted in the Compromise of 1877, effectively ending Reconstruction in the South. H. Betrayal of Black Rights and the Exodusters Tens of thousands of southern African Americans felt betrayed by the election of 1876 and decided to leave the South where they could no longer hope for equal rights.

Neologisms in Films and Televison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Neologisms in Films and Televison - Essay Example Formerly the language of high culture, the French language has been unjustifiably and violently reduced to meaningless neologisms. In support of their rather emotive arguments, purists cite passages from a current bestseller among French teenagers. Written entirely in neologisms, the book is replete with sentences such as this one: "6 j t'aspRge d'O 2 kologne histoar 2 partaG le odeurs ke tu me fe subir?" (what if I were to spray you with cologne so I can make you suffer with the smells you make me suffer from). If this is what language has been reduced to, the purists contend, spoken and write language are in crisis. Neologists have largely dismissed the purists’ critique as the â€Å"hyper-ravings of ultra-conservatives.† Were it up to the purists, they claim, populations would be speaking in Biblical tongues and language’s failure to evolve, expressive of its unremitting stance against the very phenomenon of evolution, would have functioned as an obstacle towards scientific and technological progress. The development of language, often spurred by the neological imaginations, or â€Å"hallucinations† as purists would prefer to call it, has long functioned as the primary motivator of technological development and scientific invention. Neologists’ capacity to imagine and name concepts and phenomenon before their actual materialisation has immeasurably contributed to technological evolution. In defence of their seemingly unwarranted claim to contribution to scientific development and technological progress, neologists have presenting rather persuasive evidence. William Gibson, the author of Neuromancer, a science fiction novel written almost entirely in neologism, is a case in point. Gibson's envisioning of cyberspace and virtual reality, his invention of a myriad of concepts to describe them, preceded the popularisation of the internet and the invention of much of that which has accompanied it. While it is difficult to make a case for Gibson's having inspired the development of the internet, there is no doubt that he gave us the language of virtual reality and cyberspace before either were definitive components of civilisation and human life.6 As Fischer recalls, the publication of Neuomancer sent shock waves through the purist ranks. In unison, they accused its publishers of having betrayed the sanctity of language, of being party to Gibson's obvious disrespect for, an d ignorance of, the English language. The coinage of a few terms, only when needed and as long as their semantic roots were accurate, was acceptable but the invention of a virtual dictionary for phenomenon which did not exist, for lifestyles that bore nothing in common with that which was known, and for realities which were non-real, was untenable.7 Interestingly, those very neologisms which Gibson invented two decades ago and was stringently attacked for daring to do so, have been included in English language dictionaries by the purists themselves and are popularly regarded as legitimate English words. These neologisms, cyberspace, cyberpunk, hacking and wired, to name but a few of those contained in Neuromancer, have not only established their legitimate presence in the English language but have been translated into, and embraced by, countless other languages.8 Neologisms, irrespective of the purist perspective, are an evidential reality of any language. Neologisms do

Corruption in China Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Corruption in China - Term Paper Example Cases of grafts and bribery are everyday occurrences. Public fund embezzlement and backdoor deals are another form of corruption experienced in China. There is nepotism in provision of employment opportunities and patronage. Backdoor deals and falsification of statistics as proof of transactions are another source of corruption. This report aims at exploring the root of the corruption rot in china. It further dwells into examining the measures the government and the Chinese public is taking to curb the vice. The challenges faced in the process of controlling corruption and successes realized so far are also explored at length. Impact of such a huge degree of corruption on the economy and politics of China too are scrutinized in details (Kwong, 43). In order to understand the current situation of corruption in China, a start with the history of the Chinese corruption is in order. Corruption situation in the People’s Republic of China bloomed after 1949. The Cadre corruption in post 1949 emanates from the organizational involution of the ruling party of the time. It is a historic cause that implicates the Chinese Communist Party, and the Mao era. The Chinese Communist Party formulated and implemented policies that gave way for corrupt practices. Its institutions, norms and protocols failed to acclimate to a changing post-Mao era. Every state that returns to normalcy after a regime of tyranny and terror suffers high probabilities of immense corruption. The administration that takes over from the dictators has a chief role to play in curbing the possibility of corrupt dealings booming past control. Some other socialist economies that underwent tremendous transitions and experienced unpredictable levels of corruption include post-Soviet Eastern Europe and central Asia. Post-Mao China experienced a similar challenge and corruption became the chief challenge to China’s social and economic development (Kwong, 76). The seed of corruption implanted decades ago has grown into a nightmare for China’s development. Economic freedom has fueled the vice. Corruption has had a great impact on the Chinese politics as politics has a huge impact on corruption. The height of corruption in the country undermines the legitimacy of Chinese Communist Party. A feeling of dissatisfaction by the citizens has led to several public unrests. The most notable of the public unrests is the Tiananmen protest movement of 1989. Citizens are increasingly growing impatient of the economic inequalities caused by the rotten institutions. The public becomes irritated by the levels at which corruption has led to undermining the environment. These factors fuel social unrest and lead to political instability. The political situation of the People’s Republic of China is shaky due to a discontented population. Popular perception of the Chinese people is that there are more corrupt and dishonest Chinese Communist Party (CPP) officials than honest ones. This i s in direct contrast to how the CCP officials were held in high regard in the early 1980s. Chinese elite hold a strong opinion that it is corruption, not quest for democracy that led to the 1989 unrest. Politics of China is to blame for the deep-rooted corruption. The traditional China viewed the leaders who subscribed to the Confucian concept of leadership as the politically correct. Legalists (leadership that valued government of the law) were enemies of the people. Government of the people

The 'New Look' in Foreign Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The 'New Look' in Foreign Policy - Essay Example or action against the Soviets, and Eisenhower's inability to confront them militarily in Europe or elsewhere that instigated the rationale behind the 'New Look' foreign policy that began in 1954. The concept was to create a large-scale nuclear force capable of massive retaliation. The plan was highly controversial when Eisenhower introduced it and it was considered impractical by both the Navy and the Army (The Army and the New Look, 2001). They viewed the plan as being carried out at the expense of a reduction in forces that would be required to fight a more convention style war. The critics "[...] denounced the 'New Look' as a dangerous gamble likely to force the US in the event of a crisis to choose between a humiliating climb down or the unleashing of a mutually devastating nuclear exchange with the Soviet Union" (Dockrill & Hopkins, 2006, p. 59). The Army insisted that the budget adequately fund a conventional force. The Secretary of Defense would often find himself negotiating among the services for scarce funding. According to the US Army Office of History, "As the Air Force's share of the budget increased in the mid-fifties to procure expensive bombers and missiles an d as the United States' capability to wage less than general nuclear war decreased, opposition to the massive retaliation policy mounted" (The Army and the New Look, 2001). Because the 'New Look' was aimed at massive retaliatory capability, it was primarily aimed at the Air Force. This meant reduction in Army forces and would cause Army Chief of Staff General Ridgeway to remark, "The present United States preoccupation with preparations for general war has limited the military means available for cold war to those which are essentially by-products or leftovers from the means available for general... Th paper outlines the necessity of 'New Look'. In retrospect, faced with a nuclear threat from the Soviets and their aggressive nature after World War II, the United States did not have a lot of options to attempt to roll back Soviet domination in Eastern Europe. The 'New Look' policies were a reasonable approach in line with the policies of containment practised at the time. Early on into the massive build-up program, it was recognised that nuclear weapons were of no value to discourage an enemy or wage a regional war. When called on to use them in Dien Bien Phu in 1954, Eisenhower was faced with the reality that the eventual outcome was simply too horrendous to ever be of use. Yet, in the long run, the potential of mutually assured destruction may have prevented a major nuclear detonation by either side. The build-up and arms race that resulted from Eisenhower's 'New Look' foreign policy left a deep and lasting impression on the American psyche. It created the biggest arms race in the history of the world and as for preventing a nuclear attack, whether it did or not, we are certain that it did not happen.

American Literature Nella Larsen Research Paper

American Literature Nella Larsen - Research Paper Example Thesis Statement   II. Main Idea (1st control of Thesis)   Larsen used Helga Crane to express her insights about issues of race, gender and social recognition. A. Brief Background B. Supporting idea or research The protagonist in Quicksand reflected Larsen’s early life and struggles. C. Supporting idea or research   Helga Crane expressed Larsen’s insights on self-identity, particularly the difficulties in growing up as a mulatto. D. Supporting Idea or research The gender theme was explained by how Larsen viewed motherhood as one that constrained or enslaved women. III. Main Idea (2nd Control of Thesis)   The numerous ways of â€Å"passing†in Passing symbolized Larsen’s own struggles for self-identity and her insights on each of them. A. Brief Background B. Supporting idea or research How the strategies of passing as a white woman – passing completely or just for convenience - demonstrated the differing approaches toward self-identity.   C. Supporting idea or research   There were the failures of Larsen’s protagonists in their struggles and how these reflected her own and her thoughts in this regard. D. Supporting idea or research   The quest for self-identity as expressed in Larsen’s two novels was characterized by an interplay of race, gender and social recognition. The self-identity handle was effective because it was a theme Larsen was familiar with. E. Opposition Point Larsen’s background may not correctly reflect those experiences she narrated in her works. V. Conclusion   Quicksand and Passing are the evidences to demonstrate Larsen’s view, insights and experiences with regards the theme of self-identity entailed in the issues of race, gender, and social recognition. A. Summary of Arguments Raised B. Thesis Re-worded   C. Concluding Statement: Larsen was not satisfied with being a member of the black elite as well as with the existing alternatives available to her in her ques t for self-identity, she wanted more, and for this she suffered some tragedy. First, she seemed trapped by its narrowness, and because black experiences longed to live in a world. Secondly, the solutions she was able to come up with were all still found wanting as demonstrated by the failures of her characters. She was torn and all her life, she continued to struggle. The author expressed these feelings and perceptions through her writings and her female protagonists. Analyzing the African American Woman: The writings of Nella Larsen Nella Larsen was a famous novelist and short story writer associated with the Harlem Renaissance era, which one writer has aptly called as "an era of extraordinary progress in American black art and literature" (Thadious, 133-145). Although her literary work was limited, it was of extraordinary quality, and earned her recognition from both contemporaries and critics today. In 1928 and 1929, Larsen published two novels, â€Å"Quicksand† and  "Passing†, respectively. Both of which focused on the lives of African American women and their place in society.   She created brilliant female characters in her novels who fought for equal rights and social recognition. Particularly, the extensive study devoted to her characters and the complexity and realism they depicted are widely recognized. Through the roles she explored in them, she was able to explain the intersections of race and gender, and in doing so, she demonstrated how the discussion of black identity, which often restricts the range of

The Process of How a Bill Becomes a Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Process of How a Bill Becomes a Law - Essay Example As an expression of the sovereign people, all laws are legislated in accordance with the highest law of the land—the Constitution. It is done through constitutionally prescribed processes that are often tedious and politically mired with controversies. Usually, a bill is introduced by the House of Representatives and is duly concurred by the Senate. Such bill is presented to the President of the United States for approval and signature. If the president signs it, the bill becomes a law, otherwise, the bill will be returned to the House where it originated with president’s objections. The latter will be put into the journal. The same will be reconsidered by the legislatures. If two-thirds of the House approved the reconsidered bill, it will become a law and such overturned the veto power of the executive. In a similar context, when the bill is presented to the president for signature and if such was not returned within ten working days, the bill likewise becomes a law. Such 10-day period, when it has lapsed, has a similar effect as if the president has signed it, unless the legislative body, by their adjournment prevents its return. As such, the bill will not become the law. The legislation of the law rests on the constitutionally mandated power of the legislative branch under Article 1, Section 1 of the Constitution. This process, however, has a complex and evolving mechanisms since the legislative body is composed of a hundred elected senators and 435 members of representatives from states with varying political interests and concerns relating to policy formulation. Bills ought to have undergone a process of consultations from constituents as they are the subjects of legislative agenda and developments. Their voices should be considered by representatives before they’d perform the mandates of advising and agreeing to treaties and other related policies. Bills, before it would become a law, are sourced from the multitude of ideas and proposals of people in each state.  Ã‚  

Jesus as an Imperialist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Jesus as an Imperialist - Essay Example While considering the principles of Christianity for which he lived, an imperialistic approach has been adorned by him since his birth. He was looked for as king to be born in the dynasty of David who would free the Jews from the imperialism of the foreign governance and would establish the reign of God. The Jews believed that the promised man would appear on a Maundy Thursday and would take over as their king. However the consideration of Jesus as the king of Kings, involves a varied concept on imperialism. It never goes along with the conventional approaches of the worldly governing systems, but had a holy view adorning the power of Jesus as a king and the manifest destiny allied with his life and times. Zechariah 9: 9 says, â€Å"Rejoice greatly, daughter of Zion! Shout, daughter of Jerusalem! Behold, your king comes to you! He is righteous, and having salvation; lowly, and riding on a donkey, even on a colt, the foal of a donkey.†

Personality Theory of Sigmund Freud Essay Example for Free

Personality Theory of Sigmund Freud Essay According to Freud, mankind has only two drives that determine all thoughts, emotions, and desires- the need for sex and aggression. Sex is the equivalent of life- after all it is how we procreate the species and continue our lineage. Aggression often leads to its equivalent – death- which is also a control measure for procreating the species as it allows us to remove an adversary that may prevent procreation. Freud proposed that there are three levels to our personalities- the Id , the Ego, and the Superego. At birth, we are born with the Id, which he described as being the part of the personality that demands our basic needs. It is important because it drives our instinct to obtain our basic needs and keep ourselves alive. It looks only for satisfaction of a hunger, whether it is for food, comfort or any other pleasurable sensation. As a child interacts in his first three years of life, the Ego begins to form. The Ego begins to realize there are others that have needs and that interaction in the world means thinking of this and responding accordingly. Around five, the formation of the Superego starts as the child becomes trained in the moral and ethical ideas of his caregivers- it is often compared to the conscience. Throughout the rest of our life the Ego serves as the mediator between the Superego and the Id, keeping us from becoming either totally self-centered and demanding or rigid and unbending in our interactions with others. In the fights with the Id and Superego, the Ego develops various defense mechanisms to help keep the balance. These defense mechanisms help the ego sate the id’s impulsiveness without offending the Superego’s moral position- all the while keeping reality in check. Some of these defenses include denial, intellectualization, regression and sublimation. Perhaps the most debated of Freud’s writings is his theory of psychosexual development and it’s five stages. The first stage, which stretches from birth to 18 months, is the oral stage where the baby is focused on the pleasures associated with sucking. From 18 months to age three, the child is in the anal stage, where pleasure is derived from retaining and releasing. The phallic stage covers age’s three to six, in which the pleasure zone switches to the genitals. This is the stage in which the Oedipal complex comes into play. The latency stage stretches from age six to puberty during which pleasures are repressed in order for learning to take place. From puberty to death, we are in the genital stage in which our pleasure derives from the genitals. While many of his theories are not as popular today, Freud laid the groundwork for understanding the human mind. References Heffner, Christopher L, â€Å"Personality Theory† retrieved on May 29, 2009 from http://allpsych. com/personalitysynopsis/freud. html Stevenson, David B. â€Å"Psychosexual Stages of Development† retrieved on May 29, 2009 from http://www. victorianweb. org/science/freud/develop. html Felluga, Dino. Modules on Freud: On Psychosexual Development. Introductory Guide to Critical Theory. Purdue U. retrieved on May 29, 2009 from http://www. purdue. edu/guidetotheory/psychoanalysis/freud. html.

Not White Just Right Response Essay Example for Free

Not White Just Right Response Essay After reading â€Å"Not White, Just Right†, an article by Rachel Jones, I could not help but relate to her. In the article, Jones elaborates more on her popular essay, â€Å"What’s Wrong with Black English† while also mentioning others who share in her opinion. I, too, was ridiculed in school for talking too â€Å"white†. In public schools African American students are mocked and shunned by their â€Å"brothers and sisters† for speaking or even behaving in an intelligent manner, as if intelligence is unacceptable in our community. I have been the outcast for that single reason. However those who spoke like third graders in the tenth grade were praised and welcomed in the Black community. To that I have to admit that we have fallen from the times of Dr. King and Fredrick Douglas, when we knew as African Americans that we are just as intelligent as Caucasian men. This is not the future our leaders have fought so hard for. It is infuriating to witness young African Americans not only in public school but in college speaking as if they have no intelligence. I am only a freshman and I cannot count the number of times I’ve heard other freshmen and upperclassmen use grammatically incorrect phrases like, â€Å"what that is† and â€Å"I aint goin nowhere†. Speech like this amongst my African American peers only angered me in high school, now it depresses me. It is depressing to see so many educated African Americans speak as if they had dropped out of high school, just because it is â€Å"cool† and they do not want to talk â€Å"white†. A mentality like that will always keep us as African Americans at the bottom of society. How do we expect to be seen as equally intelligent as Caucasian people if we do not even speak as if we are educated on a higher level? Therefore, in conclusion, I would like to thank Rachel Jones for writing those two texts about young African American lingual. It is about time that someone made it public to the Black community that this speech is NOT conserving our culture; it is keeping us from reaching our goals and becoming successful.

The Awareness Of Point Of Sale Information Technology Essay

The Awareness Of Point Of Sale Information Technology Essay Point of sale is a place where transaction occurs in exchange for services and goods. The point of sale refers to the physical electronic cash register or dedicated Point of Sale hardware used during checkout, but the POS is simply the location where the sale is conducted, money changes hands and a receipt a is given, which can also occur on a smart-phones, tablets, laptops or mobile POS device when the right hardware and POS software is combined with the mobile devices. It is a system allowing business transaction to be monitored, and also facilitating tasks that would otherwise be time-consuming when they are done manually such as monitoring stock, inventory managing, etc. POS also refers to the capturing of data and customer payment information at counter when goods or services are bought and sold. The POS transaction are captured using a variety of devices which include computers, cash registers, optical and bar code scanners, magnetic card readers, or any combination of these devices. This is the physical location from where  goods  are  sold  to  the customers. Point of  sale  is often more specific than a  general  building or  store  where goods are sold, typically indicating the piece of  technology  which is used to finalize the  transaction. They are seen as a  standard  cash register  at the  front  of the store; such as, at a restaurant, grocery store, shopping malls, etc. The point of sale can also be an electronic  system  which are used by the staff for  multiple  purposes, such as ringing up  orders  as well as generating the  receipt  and finalizing purchases. Devices Used The computer software and the register are not the only devices used in POS systems. Devices such as bar code scanners are as important to use the POS system effectively. Magnetic card readers are used for debit and credit cards and optical scanners that examine the object itself for signatures and images. All these provide different sets of data to the computer which can be used to track sales more accurately. POS systems can be very expensive. Small businesses will need to invest several thousand of dollars for the system, legal bar code system, scanner and software needed to run the POS system. Even when a POS system is set up, the data it produces does no good unless managers and marketers know how to use it effectively and efficiently. Literature Review POS (Point of Sale) systems are commonly used in retail stores, restaurants, stadiums, hotels and casinos, etc. The basic use of these systems is to scan items for purchase, place in order and calculate the bills. They are usually industry specific. What can Point Of Sales System do? * Track all elements of each order, from payment, design details, delivery date and months in advance. * Customer Information: It automatically records the customers name, credit card information, address and what they bought and when. * Customer Relations: Everything regarding the customers purchases can be immediately called upon from the system. This makes handling returns, payments and other transactions easier even if the customer has misplaced the paperwork. In a multi-store environment it does not matter which store the customer goes to. All the information are available at all the stores. * Inventory Control: The computer keeps record of the stores inventory. This makes the POS terminals attached to it, automatically update the inventory with every sale or return. This helps the person in multi-inventories keep track of any stock is going to get over. The central office knows at all times how much stock each store has. * Inventory Analysis: The system is able to calculate at what rate each item is selling at all times, making it easy to decide what quantity has to be purchased. * Reduce Out of Stock: In case there is low stock, Low stock reports and purchase orders are generated automatically with enough lead time to receive goods. * Bar code Integration: Various bar-code reading devices can be used in conjunction with shelf stocking, warehousing and at the sales terminal. This will create a speedy entry and reduce human error. * Warranty Tracking: The time and date of purchase are automatically recorded. This information can be easily retrieved from the system within seconds. Warranty issues can be easily handled by stores other than the one where the purchase was made. * Special Pricing: Sales and specials discounts are easily controlled. Starting and end dates can be assigned to the products or product groups and the system will automatically handle them. * Sales Commissions: The commissions are automatically calculated and reported by the system. Different product lines can carry different commissions. Later commissions can be automatically reduced if the sales-person discounts an item. * Profit Center / Product Line Control: It is very easy to set up both profit centers and product lines. This makes tracking performance of individual sales managers and product line profitability easy. * Accounting: The Point of Sale system is completely integrated with full function accounting (Inventory, Accounts Payable, Accounts Receivable, and General Ledger) thus making the books always up-to-date. No hand entries by book-keeping staff are required. In a multi-store environment the central office always has the accounts for each individual store in real time and can produce consolidated accounting reports as well. * Data Export: The Data files and reports can be exported from the POS system for use with other software when there is need. * Data Import: Part number lists, customer lists and other bulk information from outside sources can be imported into the POS system without resorting to hand entry. * Manager Control: The manager has complete access and control to the store or chain of stores at any time of day or night. He can even do store transactions locally. * Security Levels: The Employees are only allowed the access assigned to their password only. * Loss Prevention: Record keeping is so thorough and clear that any employee theft of inventory or received cash, even if cleverly disguised can be detected and traced. Need of the study To know the level of use of POS system among the students of Amity University, Noida. To know the awareness of POS among the students. To know the amount of use of POS system among the students of Amity. Objective of the study: The objective of the study here is to know the use and awareness of the POS system among the students. The amount of use of POS transactions by the students during different courses of purchases. To increase the level of knowledge of POS system among the students. To find out the reasons why POS system is not used in case of both awareness and non-awareness. Rationale behind the study: The presence of POS system in various Malls or stores has become a common sight in todays market. People make their purchases mainly using debit/credit cards in place if paper cash. How does this POS system work? The person making the payment through his card is debited an amount which is the value of the price of the product he is purchasing from the store. This amount is directly credited into the account of the store, form which ever bank it has opened its account with. Since there is no exchange of paper money, transactions takes place in a few seconds, making it less time consuming and less energy involved. On the customers side he does not have the pain of carrying ready cash with him. This wide use of POS system brings us to a study of whether this facility is aware to the young minds of the future leaders and entrepreneurs. The research topic will study how much are the students aware about the POS system that are available in the market. With both the mode of cash and card purchases available, it will see what is used more often and why. It will study the positive as well as the negative impacts in the minds of the students using the system and also who dont use it. The level of awareness of both the group of people who use and who dont will be required to obtain, which will provide the researcher to obtain the final result. Research Methodology: Research method: Descriptive research Sampling method: Convenience Sampling Sampling size: 200 Sampling Universe: Student of Amity University, Noida Sector 125. Data collected: Primary Statistical tool Analysis: Microsoft Excel. Data Collection Method: Data will be collected through the distribution of questionnaires and interaction with the students. After the questionnaires are filled up as required and obtaining the required number of responses, it will be analyzed to reach the necessary findings. Primary Data: The data will be collected by the means of survey which will be done on the basis of various interactions with the students. A questionnaire prepared by the researcher will also be given to the responder who will be filling up the necessary questions. This set of questions will later be analyzed to obtain the required result. Hypothesis: Null: H0: the students are aware about the Point of Sales system Alternative: H1: The students are not aware about the Point of Sales system. Null H0: The students use the POS system Alternative: H1: The students do not use the POS system. Data Analysis and Interpretation Period of using a bank account: Respond Frequency Percentage Less than 6 months 117 58.5% Between 6 months to 1 year 35 17.5% 1 to 2 years 27 13.5% More than 2 years 21 10.5% According to the data collected from the survey, it was found that most of the students had their accounts operating from two years and above. The others had accounts opened just a few months back or a year. Mode of Purchases more frequently used: Response Frequency Percentage Cash Purchase 52 26% Card Purchase 148 74% The research Survey shows that majority of the students used the mode of cash payment. Card payment was also used but at a lower scale. When asked why, their reply would be because they felt more comfortable using cash other than cards. Their main reason for not using card payments was lack of security and confidence. Awareness on Point of Sale system: Response Percentage Good 36 Average 38 Poor 10 It has been found that the level of awareness of Point of Sale system among the students were good. Majority of them had an idea or knowledge what exactly a point of sale could do and also were aware about its benefits as well as its short-comings. There were very less percentage of students who had less or no knowledge a all of the POS systems. Frequency of using Debit/Credit Card Response Frequency Percentage Always 32 16% Very Frequently 60 30% Occasionally 42 21% Rarely 20 10% Very rarely Never 10 5% The survey shows us that the use of POS is very frequently used. This frequency is mostly among the students who are aware about the POS systems and use both cash as well as card purchases. Rank of POS system according to preferences Ticketing 3 Entertainment 4 Online Shopping 2 Shopping 1 Cash Transfers 5 The survey shows that majority of the students who use the POS systems are using them mainly for the purpose of shopping and online purchases. The facility o cash transfers are the least used. Satisfaction of using Point of Sale system: Response Frequency Percentage Strongly Agree 20 10% Agree 60 30% Neutral 30 15% Disagree 5 2.5% Strongly disagree The level of satisfaction among the students using POS system has been agreed by a majority. A neutral feeling is followed by the students who has been aware and using this service. Also a strong level of satisfaction is also found among the sampled sized. Reason for not using Point of Sale system Lack of advertisement 5 Lack of interest 15 No use 4 Lack of security 10 Lack of confidence 10 Any other 2 The survey studied the various reasons why some of the students were not using this POS system when it made transactions so much easier. The main reason for this was due to the Lack of interest in the minds of the students. This was followed lack of security and interest. Lack of advertisement was another reason for causing a low awareness among the students. Findings: The level of awareness about the POS system among the students is good. The use of this system is also found at a good scale among the students who are aware about the POS system. Though the level of awareness is good, some students still do not use as frequently as expected due to different reasons. The use of POS system is more among the group of students who have opened their bank accounts from 2 years and above. Students using accounts below a year have lesser use. Reason for lack of awareness is mainly because of not having a account for themselves. Another reason for not using this system is the lack of proper advertisements, lack of confidence and security. The POS system is mainly used for the purpose of shopping and online purchases by the students. They are more comfortable with these simple transactions that the POS offers. Suggestions: Banks and any other financial institutions providing this facility should make the effort of educating the POS system to its customers. Effective advertisements should be made in order to make the customers more aware of the system available. The Lack of security and confidence among the customers can be eradicated by using effective softwares that are immune to hackers and other flaws. Proper education should be implanted in the minds of the consumers in order to make them aware as well as use this facility. Adequate on sight experience from frequent users can also be done to motivate the individuals who do not use due to various reasons. Conclusion: The study of the topic Study on Awareness of Point of Sale system among the students of Amity University, Sector 125 found that a large number of students are aware about the presence of POS systems around them. Many use them because they are convenient and easy. Others though they have the knowledge and awareness are still hesitated to use them for various reasons. The Point of Sale system has made transactions operating in various stores very fast and efficient. They not only provide the benefit of cash less transactions but also keep track of every product or product group in the stores. This information helps the store manger to keep track of his products in his store and make necessary purchases before they run out of stock. Countries like USA mostly use this facility on a very large scale. Thus the final conclusion to this study was that the level of awareness of the POS system among the students is above average. In order to promote it more, a good amount of work in the field of advertisements and security has to be done. The above few reasons were the most prominent for its non use by certain people. It is only when they use the system they will realize the benefits of it.

macbeth as a tragic hero :: essays research papers

Macbeth the Tragic hero <Tab/>"I go, and it is done; the bell invites me. Hear it not, Duncan, for it knell that summons thee to heaven, or to hell." This is a quote from Shakespeare's play Macbeth. The quote symbolizes Macbeth turning to the dark side. Macbeth is a historically based play. James I is placed into the play with his distant relationship with Banguo. Macbeth is a tragedy in which human actions have unavoidable consequences, where the characters sins and mistakes are never forgiven or rectified. Every tragedy has a tragic hero in this play Macbeth is the tragic hero. Macbeth is the tragic hero because he has a high station, tragic flaw, and a downfall in which he redeems before his death. <Tab/>Macbeth receives a station as high as king of Scotland. He also obtains title of Thane of Cawdor. Macbeth fought valiantly in the battle against Macdonaldwald and fought him face to face and defeated his army. Macbeth sounds like an honorable and courageous man. Well, he is until he starts to turn to the dark side. <Tab/>The three witches tell him three apparitions the first being beware of Macduff, Second one is no man of woman born shall never vanquished be until Great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane Hill shall come against him. Hearing the apparitions makes Macbeth greedy and overconfident. He believes that he can do as he pleases and will never falter. These two things are Macbeth's tragic flaws. These and other things lead to Macbeth's downfall. <Tab/>Macbeth comes across three witches that greet him in three different ways Thane of Glamis, Thane of Cawdor, and king here after. Macbeth did not think much of these greetings. Well, until he receives the news from Ross that he has become the Thane of Cawdor. This is where Macbeth's downfall beings to show it's ugly little head. His mind becomes cloudy and begins to focus on how he will obtain the crown. Macbeth later murders Duncan, the king, in his sleep. This action turns Macbeth's downfall in to a rapid decent. Not long thereafter his wife drives herself crazy thinking of Duncan's murder and commits suicide. Macbeth also loses the throne, and his life in the final act. These actions symbolize the completion of his down fall. Even after all his deceit and corruption he still seems to redeem his honor and courage to the audience. <Tab/>Macbeth regains is honor and courage just before his death.

Character Relations In The Awakening :: essays research papers

It would be easy to say that Edna Pontellier emulates both Madame Ratignolle and Mademoiselle Reisz, however, throughout the novel, it is evident that Edna steps out beyond this assumption and asserts herself as another person altogether. This is obvious in the defining features of each of the women. Madame Ratignolle, for example, is always represented in a very flamboyant nature and is usually associated with clothes, whereas, Mademoiselle Reisz, in contrast, has no relation to clothes or anything of material nature. She instead is associated “passionately'; with music. Edna, on the other hand, has none of these qualities attributed to her. She is not described in terms of clothes. She is never attributed with being flamboyant. She is not musically inclined, with the exception of the fact that the music moves her toward the “awakening'; of her sensuality.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When examining the first stirrings, “a certain light [that] was beginning to dawn dimly within her,'; we see that Edna thinks independently of outside interference. When she “was beginning to realize her position in the universe as a human being, and to recognize her relations as an individual to the world within and about her'; she does just that—she realizes the world within her, not without her. That is to say, she does this entire “awakening'; on her own. She does not directly receive any outside influence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Edna Pontellier, as a whole, is a woman completely different from any other in the novel. She stands alone and thinks alone and speaks alone. Her ideas and thoughts are completely hers. It would be wrong to say that Madame Ratignolle and Mademoiselle Reisz are embodiments of two different Ednas. They are not. They contribute their thoughts and ideas to Edna but Edna interprets these thoughts and ideas and either incorporates them or disregards them. In the end, with one fell swoop, she disregards everything ever suggested to her by these two other women. In the final chapter, she takes off all her clothes and walks into the water thereby ridding herself of both Madame Ratignolle and Mademoiselle Reisz. She does this in that, as mentioned earlier, Madame Ratignolle is often represented by her clothes, thus, by taking off all her clothes and standing “naked in the open air, at the mercy of the sun, the breeze that beat upon her, and the waves that invited her' ; she rejects Madame Ratignolle’s self-righteous dedication to her husband and children.

The Young Can Teach the Elderly

According to common belief, we, especially the younger, usually learn many things from previous generations. Some even believe that the young cannot teach in turn the elderly. To my way of thinking, I do not agree with this idea in many aspects. On one hand, I admit that the elderly has played an important part in teaching young men, and we benefit a lot from their knowledge. In particular, they have incurred and undergone many events in their lives; therefore, they have gathered lots of experiences, which are very useful for us. Time has taught them how to deal with problems and difficulties, and they can teach us about it. On the other hand, I feel we, the young, in turn can teach them about a lot of things as follow. The first thing to mention is modern knowledge, especially innovations in technology, which the elderly can hardly follow. For example, we can show them about how to use the internet, a marvelous invention in modern day, which is quite strange to them. Similarly, the elderly usually are not familiar with learning foreign languages, like English, thus we teach them how to learn and use it effectively. Another thing we can teach the elderly is communication skill. As we can see, the elderly tend to limit their relationships, and they almost communicate with a few relatives and friends only. On the contrary, the young usually talk to a lot of people, even strangers, through using social network or chatting utility. Hence, they always feel happy and relaxed, because they can share their emotions and thoughts with many people. Moreover, they feel more comfortable and self-confident in real life’s communication, therefore may succeed more in work. All these things should be taught to elderly, whose timid characteristics sometimes lead to their failure. To sum up, though the knowledge of the elderly is very large and extensive/ however experienced and wise the elder generation may be, they sometimes have to learn many things from the young. Only by this way can they achieve success in this new era. Vice versa, the young should also take all advantages from the elderly to be more successful in life.

Competencies Differences Between ADN and BSN Essay

Florence Nightingale was a nurse who started the nursing training programme in 1860 after the Crimean War. During that war, a lot of women committed themselves to give care for the sick and dying soldiers. The success in their work was evidenced by reduction in mortality and improved prognosis among those injured in the war. Nurses became an indispensable part of the military during that time due to their life-saving work. After the war, nurse training schools were established under the Florence Nightingale model in order to use nurses throughout society (Woolsey, 1950; Dock, 1907). In 1873 the first three training schools were established in New York, New Haven, and Boston. Students were able to attain their nursing education and skills training in two to three years. Society began to refer to these nurses as trained nurses as they were among the first to undergo formal schooling for nursing care. In 1912 the American Nurses Association (ANA) focused on obtaining legal recognition for trained nurses. In 1951, nurse educator Mildred Montag started a new two year associates degree program in nursing in order to produce trained nurses who would assist professional, baccalaureate prepared nurses. Her aim was not to replace the baccalaureate degree program with the associate degree program. The American Association of College of Nursing (AACN) believes that education has a significant impact on the knowledge competencies of nurse clinicians. Nurses with bachelors degrees in nursing are well equipped to meet the demand placed on today’s nurse especially because their curriculum places great emphasis on critical thinking. BSN nurses are also trained in case management, health promotion, and this in depth learning makes them highly versatile in that they are able to practice across a variety of inpatient and outpatient settings. Recent studies have indicated that, in the acute care setting, the mortality rate is reduced by the presence of greater numbers of baccalaureate prepared nurses (Aiken, Clarke, Cheung, Sloane & Sliber, 2003; Estabrooks, Midodzi, Cummings, Ricker & Giovanetti, 2005; Tourangeau et al. 2006). The BSN programme curriculum incorporates â€Å"clinical, scientific decision making and humanistic skill† (Vande Mortel and Bird 2010). The ADN can give efficient bedside care to the patient with their clinical experience, however these nurses are not exposed to the broad spectrum education that baccaulareate nurses experience. Thus, ADNs do not have a basis on which to implement wholistic care measures, and their knowledge base for critical thinking is limited—not due to their mental capacity, but because of the width and depth of their accelerated curriculum. In these days the health care is expanding and globalizing, thus, the demands placed on the nurse have grown and become more complex. Nurses therefore must have the appropriate knowledge base to bring about optimal outcomes in their patients. The American Association of colleges of nursing (AACN) recognizes the â€Å"bachelor of science degree in nursing as the minimum educational requirement for professional nursing practice† (AACN 2000, para 2). BSN prepared nurses are prepared in assertive and professional communication, patient/family education, critical thinking, and implementing measures based on a wholistic perspective. BSN focuses on a broader picture and thus an approach to nursing that places more emphasis on critical thinking. In the United States, associate degree graduates are working in a health care system that is rapidly growing and changing. So they can study while working in order to improve their degree standing to a bachelors or masters degree. This would advance not only their knowledge base, but their competency in nursing practice. Thus, patient outcomes could improve in their nursing setting. Moreover, many institutions have financial support in place to assist the working student nurse. This lessens the burden of attending school and benefits the institution. According to a study published by Dr. Betty Rambur and her colleagues, in the July/August 2003 issue of Nursing Outlook, increasing the proportion of baccalaureate prepared nurses in the registered nursing population may be essential to stabilizing the nursing workforce. Nurses prepared at the BSN level were also found to have higher levels of job satisfaction which is key to nursing retention. Effective clinical decision making is the important factor in quality of care. For example, in the clinical area, if we order labs for the patient, a skilled BSN nurse can identify the normal and abnormal lab result and this nurse can critically evaluate what may be wrong with the patient, based not only on the lab result, but much of the information in the patient’s chart. This information would include admission diagnoses, past medical history, family medical history, new complaints, medication effects, etc. A BSN would utilize his or her knowledge of biology, chemistry, psychology, faith and spirituality, etc. in a way that best advocates wholistic care of the patient. So, a patient with a past medical history of a heart attack, current diagnosis of congestive heart failure (CHF) and an abnormal lab result showing an elevated troponin level is can assess for signs and symptoms of a heart attack, provide nitroglycerine and make arrangements to have the patient placed on telemetry monitoring and/or transferred to a cardiac care unit. This will provide that patient with specialized care that will focus on his risk for myocardial infarction and try to improve his health outcomes. In this same situation, an ADN may not pick up on these cues as quickly and this may delay in good decision making that would affect the patient’s condition. This patient needs care that is intuitive and careful; a critically thinking nurse will be the best person to provide this life-sensitive care. Again, professional knowledge, keen assessment, and critical thinking assist the nurse in making an effective decision. A baccalaureate program in nursing would be well able to equip a nurse for this kind of care. I agree things can be done to improve the professional status of nurses ,but requiring a BSN is not one of them. Its upto all nurses that keep doing continuing education as a part of our practice. Any one can take nursing classes, pass those exams and even they can pass NCLEX exam, but not anyone can be a good nurse.

Pick Your Family Essay

The dictionary definition of family is: all the descendants of a common ancestor. Although this statement is true, some would disagree and say that the meaning to the word â€Å"family† goes far beyond that simple definition. Many people consider friends, schoolmates, animals, friends of a parent, and co-workers to be their family as well. Your whole family can be made up of many people that are not necessarily your real family. The relationship you share with another individual classifies them as a family member. These people may not be your relative at all, but someone you feel a strong connection to for one reason or another. Just because someone is your family member by blood, does not mean you have to have a close relationship with him or her. Your family can be extended from your nuclear family because another person may be very special to you, or makes you feel loved enough that you would consider them a part of your family. Children that lose their mother and father might have someone take care of them that are not blood related. In a situation like this, the child’s real family is not apart of the family that raises them and takes care of them. Family is more of a concept and more about the relationship that the two people share. In a case where parents have died or some other circumstance has arisen where they cannot provide for their child, strangers or friends may assist in raising that child. That would make them the caregivers; they would be the mother and father because they fill that role in the child’s life. Many people may say they have two mothers, this is because they have two people that fill the motherly role in their life and both of those people make them feel loved and appreciated. Another example where your family might not be your real relatives is godmothers or your godfathers. Your godmother or godfather can be anyone that your parents think can and will fill that role best. This may be your blood related uncle or the best man in your parents wedding. Regardless of the blood relation this person is in now classified as your family member. Family can also expand to include more than just humans as well. Most Americans have a pet dog or a pet cat that is considered a part of their family. It is very common in a household environment that animals are added to the mix. Whether it is a family of four wanting to add extra love in their lives, or a lonely college student looking for a companion. Many people add a pet into their homes to love and feel love in return. One might think this classifies that animal as a family member. Animals and humans can share a very special relationship, just like family members share. This special relationship is what makes someone or something a part of your family not just blood. Some people may have very special experiences with another individual. Growing up with a particular friend and experiencing many of life’s challenges and tribulations can make a relationship grow very strong. People that have been there for another person through tragedies, deaths, illness, hardships and times of celebration share special bonds. These people may refer to each other as brothers or sisters or second daughters or sons. It is the many experiences and the compassion and empathy that people share with one another that make them feel that closeness with one another. They will often refer to these special people as â€Å"family members†, although they have no blood relation. Many people that are not your real relatives can be more like your family than your real family. There are many reasons that families break up, or do not speak any longer. Death, distance, past arguments and sickness can all be some reasons why you are not close to your blood family. Most people know of someone who may no longer speak to their mother, father, sister, or brother; this kind of thing happens all the time. This is very common after a parent’s death, and the children have to disperse the parent’s valuables. You can’t pick your family, but you can pick your friends. Sometimes those friends treat you better than your own family. They’re a surplus of people that might fill a particular role better than others, and the relationship you share with them is what defines them as your family member.

Motivations and Benefits of Students Volunteering

Essa Fadhili S363053517/1/2018 Teachers(s) Name: Sharene Herdy & Rachel Joy Abstract The following report examines the factors that motivate students to take part in volunteering work. The piece largely draws its insights from an American Education Research Journal and a peer reviewed article from Sweden's Linnacus University. The goal is to provide findings on what motivates university students into engaging in volunteer work, the report offers several ideas for recommendations. The report provides concise findings on what motivates students into taking part in volunteering work.IntroductionVolunteering is a necessary part of the society as it is associated with numerous benefits for both the active and passive participants. While this fact remains, many students are usually unwilling to participate in volunteering program for varied reasons. Some lack motivating factors since the work is free while others do not consider volunteer to be important or of any meaningful use to the society. Most universities have for long encouraged their students to take up volunteering work. Through volunteering, students gain from experience. For instance, they help give back to the society by helping the disadvantaged and improve their social skills. The report aims to discuss the motivations of volunteering. In doing so, the benefits that students can derive from participating in volunteer work will be reviewed. The benefits include meeting new people, acquiring useful skills, and learning the importance of creating community awareness about certain social gaps. The piece will also provide recommendations to help to universities promote the program to the participants. The piece largely draws its insights from an American Education Research Journal and a peer reviewed article from Sweden's Linnacus University.  Motivations for Student to do Volunteer WorkOne of the motivations that encourage students to engage in volunteer work is the need to meet new people and help their cause. The Students make new friends with others like them from other faculties or schools which serves to improve their social interactions for students engaging in volunteer work provides them with the opportunity to meet strangers and have a positive impact on their lives. Research indicates that 74% of students who were actively involved in volunteer work experienced broader social ties and friendships (Fermnadez, Linett, and Nomoto 2016). It is easier for students with similar interests to interact that it is the case within the campus. As can be seen in the figure below, the number of volunteers in the University age bracket is still very low and thus the need to encourage students to enrol.Figure-12.Benefits of Volunteer WorkAnother important motivation that lures students into being part of volunteer work is the fact that they develop useful skills and work experience. In the process of helping with volunteer work, students can learn various professional skills that can assist them with their future career and their resume. Research indicates that 51% of fresh graduates in employment began working in volunteering programs (Serow1991). Volunteering comes with a sense of happiness and self-fulfillment thus enticing students to take part in such programs. Also, 39% of non-volunteer students strongly believe volunteering in their academic course can entice them to engage in volunteer work (Serow1991). Volunteer work can act as an easy route to employment more so where the work involved relates to the course the participants are taking in the University.Feeling of Happiness in Helping PeopleThe other motivation that student can gain from volunteering work is the feeling of happiness in helping others. The participants make a social difference that they feel proud of and that acts as a motivational factor to engage in volunteer work (Serow 1991). The feeling that one is making a meaningful contribution to the society and organizations that address the social plight of the society is enough motivation to encourage students to take part in more volunteer program. Everyone likes to be part of a significant social change, and volunteer work offers this chance to the student. Figure-2The above figure illustrates the sharp decline in the number of volunteer between 2002 and 2015.ConclusionTo sum up, different motivations can serve to encourage more students to engage in volunteering program. Engaging in volunteer work provides students with an opportunity to improve their chances of employability. What is more, students get to meet new students with similar interests. Lastly, students feel happy helping others and that lures them into volunteer programs.RecommendationsTo encourage more student to join the volunteering program the university should organize events where student volunteers can meet to share their experiences. Organizing such forums can both fulfill the need for students to socialize and act as a motivation for more students to engage in the volunteer program. Young people are thrill seekers and meeting new friends to share their experiences-both life's and those from the program-can help boost the number of students joining the volunteer program. The events should have fun activities that students love such as music, famous artists, and food. . The University should organize short courses where experienced student volunteers can showcase their experience by teaching potential members the benefits of enrolling. This adds to their skills and employability. Such courses have a high chance of succeeding since it involves students teaching students unlike an outsider or a teacher doing so. The new lanners would be in a better position to learn from their colleagues who also share their experiences of the program. A youngster encouraging another is more effective than an older party teaching the same to a youngster. . Another effective recommendation that would serve to attract more students to the volunteer program would be the use of flyers, adverts, and colorful videos about the pleasant experience of students in the volunteer program. Young people are always attracted to interesting videos and adverts as they form part of their daily lives on social media. Through sharing the videos and adverts, students improve their social life as they meet other new interested parties. As such, using these tools may be the most effective way to reach to potential student-volunteers4 who are not already in the program. Videos, flyers, and ads may work better than word of mouth. Most campus students spend more time on the Internet than they do when they interact with each other. As such, it is easier for new volunteers to find the information about the volunteer program from popular social sites that from friends.Reference listFemandez, P Linett, Q ; Nomoto, T 2016, `student volunteering in Sweden and the motivations driving this phenomenon `Bachelor Thesis,Linnacus University ,Sweden.Serow, R, C 1991, `Students and voluntarism: looking into the motives of community service participants'American Educational Research Journal, vol.28, No.3, pp 543-556.

A Postmodernist View Of International Relations Politics Essay

A Postmodernist View Of International Relations Politics Essay Some scholars argue that alternative approaches to IR theory have not made any significant contributions to the theorization of IR. Moreover, these approaches lead our IR theory into disorder and we are left with a lack of direction. However, focusing on Postmodernism, we find it has produced the idea of the power-knowledge relationship to criticize the â€Å"absolute truth† which is proposed by Positivism, and also provides us with different methodologies such as genealogy, text, narrative, discourse, deconstruction and double reading to explain world politics. Besides, Postmodernism has utilized a variety of methods such as deconstruction of text to overcome the theories and concepts that people believe (Der Derian and Shapiro, 1989). In the past international theory has been dominated by four main theories: Realism, Liberalism, Marxism and Constructivism. However, in the last two decades there has been a dramatic change to this picture. A range of new approaches has develo ped to aid understanding of world politics. In the context of globalization, even Realism seems inadequate to explain issues like the rise of non-state actors, identity politics, transnational social movements and information technology. The new major development is not only underway in the academic discipline of social science but also in the philosophy of social science, in a movement known as Positivism. Thus many alternative ways of thinking about the social sciences have been proposed and since the picture of IR theory has changed a series of alternative approaches has emerged as more relevant to world politics in the twenty first century (Smith S, 2008). Until the late 1980s, most social scientists in International Relations tended to be Positivists. But since then Positivism has been under attack. The assumptions made by Positivism met with dissent as criticism of the IR theories led by Positivism began to emerge (Smith S, 2008). This is the so-called â€Å"the third debateà ¢â‚¬  (Ashley R., 1987; 1990; Walker R. B. J., 1993). It can also be called the Positivism and Post-Positivism debate (Lapid Y., 1989; Jim G., 1990; Smith S., 1995).. The dissent from Positivism prominently contains Feminism, Critical theory, Post-colonialism, Poststructuralism and Postmodernism. Their common idea is that they all see the world as something external to the IR theory (Smith S., 2008).Postmodernism is the term used by sociologists and others to describe a way of thinking that has become pervasive in the Western world in the last twenty-five years. It is an approach to reality that is having a significant effect on architecture, art, education, law, literature, psychotherapy, science, theatre, and the study of history and people’s view of religion (Exploring Christianity-Truth, n.d.). It reached IR theory in the mid-1980s, but can only be said to have really arrived in the past fifteen years (Smith S., 2008).The term â€Å"Postmodernism† first entered th e philosophical lexicon in 1979, with the publication of The Postmodern Condition by Jean-Franà §ois Lyotard (Stanford Encyclopedia of philosophy, 2005). Other significant writers who have promoted Postmodernism are De Man, Elshtain, Geoffrey Hartman, Harold Bloom, Michel Foucault, J. Hillis Miller, Jacques Derrida, Habermas, Richard Rorty and Rob Walker. Postmodernists who have made important contributions to IR theory are Richard Ashley, James Der Derian, David Campbell and William Connolly. Its origins are found in the philosophies of Nietzsche, Heidegger, Marx and Freud (Exploring Christianity-Truth, n.d.; Smith S., 2008).

Health Disparitiy among the Mentally Ill Research Paper

Health Disparitiy among the Mentally Ill - Research Paper Example Within every population, there are varying individual characteristics and mental health needs. Research on suicide cases among minority population is a clear depiction of mental health disparity. AIAN’s population records the highest cases of suicide representing fifty percent of the national average. The quality of health care provision to all American citizens for all ethnic groups is ideal. There is a remarkable gap between the health care recommended and the services delivered. Statistics nationally show medical patients receiving only 54.9 percent (Data shown in the table) of the recommended medical care (Safran et al., 2009). Studies comparing mental health care across ethnic groups depict disparities in accessing, usage and quality of care. Subgroups in the U.S. are more probable comparing to white population to delay or miss completely to get quality mental health treatment. Mental health status disparities exhibit definitely different patterns compared to other health disparities. Comparing national representation sample of the U.S. population, American Indians have high risks of posttraumatic stress and alcohol dependence but are lower risks of depression. Minorities have less psychiatric disorders comparing to white Americans. The black and Hispanic Americans have the highest tendency of persistently being ill. United States policy makers have designed federal laws that address discrimination of mentally ill individuals resulting from public stigma (Corrigan, Roe & Tsang, 2011). The federal laws provide an important basis for refining disparities in health care services, education, employment opportunities and outcomes for the mental illness that results from the humiliation process (Cummings, Lucas & Druss, 2013). Education for all handicapped Children Act of 1975 (EAHCA), is a piece of legislation addressing the issue of discrimination on

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Discussion board 1 international law - Essay Example Two Articles are classified under this Chapter, mainly giving detail on United Nations four Purposes (Article 1) as well as its seven Principles (Article 2). Maintenance of peace and security as well as friendly relationships among nations coupled with cooperation summarizes the purposes. Sovereignty, good faith, peace security and justice, territorial integrity, assisting the UN, adherence by non members as well observance of domestic jurisdiction are the Principles. Contained in this Chapter are membership regulations under Article 3 to Article 6. Original membership, peace loving states admission, any other admission, suspension and expulsion are highlighted across these Articles (Grant, 2009). Articles 7 and 8 fall under this Chapter to give detail on organs of the UN, which include General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council, Trusteeship Council, International Court of Justice (ICJ) and Secretariat and a provision for subsidiary organs. Eligibility to the organs is not restricted. From Article 39 to 51, this Chapter outlines practices and regulations to follow when dealing with issued threats against peace. It is termed as Action with Respect to Threats to the Peace, Breaches to the Peace and Acts of Aggression (Schweigman, 2001). Schweigman, D. (2001) The authority of the Security Council under Chapter VII of the UN Charter: legal limits and the role of the International Court of Justice. Leiden, Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff

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Response - Assignment Example I have always had a desire to be a director someday and I intend to work towards that goal. The airline industry is a great industry to enter as an employee due to the expected expansion of air travel in the next of couple of decades. The airline industry is forecasted to grow at a rate of 3.6% annually until 2030 (Faa). If your aspirations are to become an administrator of a major airline you must keep an open mind to working at an international location. Hopefully from five years from now I will be working at a well known accounting firm if not earlier. Later I will like to go for my master degree because that what most careers are looking for. If I cant find a good job with my degree in New York, then I will move somewhere else as possible. The place Im doing my intern will place me in a good position for helping them out or Im wondering being at Macys for six years with my bachelors degree I hope they put me in corporate in Ohio. Accounting is a great career choice. When you open any newspaper and read the classified ads you will always find work in accounting. If you want to reach the upper managerial accounting positions a master’s degree will help you a lot towards that goal. I also recommend that you pursue a professional certification in accounting such as a CPA or CMA. This course has really helped me out a lot and I really enjoyed reading other classmates thoughts about the topics. In 5 years from now I hope to have landed a job that I have been looking for and been preparing for, and in ten years from now, hopefully have moved up in that company. I don’t plan on returning for grad school with all of this knowledge I have obtained, I hope that if I do decide to change career paths, I am prepared for the worst and best. I don’t really want to change my career path, because I have always had a passion for fashion and I plan to succeed in the fashion

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Involvement of the Intracellular Signal Integrating Proteins Calcyon Essay

Involvement of the Intracellular Signal Integrating Proteins Calcyon and Spinophilin - Essay Example Results showed that calcyon and spinophilin transcripts were significantly higher in the thalamus of patients with schizophrenia. They concluded that, as discovered in other research, the dopamine system shows as abnormal in schizophrenia cases, but these abnormalities were due to intracellular integration where dopamine signaling with other neurotransmitter systems was dysfunctional, So it is not only the action of dopamine agonists or antagonists which impact, but the cellular activity which contributes to the illness. This scientific piece of writing encompasses so many areas of medical knowledge that it demands several readings to make sense of each point. However, it is fully detailed and demonstrates how the researchers used a stringent methodology, adhered to ethical and confidential practice and met their objective, as evidenced by the findings. It just seemed to take a long time and a great deal of narrative to produce the relevant information. They were honest as to limitations identified, such as age and antipsychotic drug use, the latter of which might have affected results, though this was considered unlikely.

Wegman's Supermarkets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Wegman's Supermarkets - Essay Example This makes it easy for the supermarket personnel know their various roles and responsibilities. Owing to its fewer layers of leadership, it also gives employees an idea of who to answer to (Berkun 78). Because projects are carried out within one department, it is easier for the unit to supervise the whole project. Departments are given the autonomy to determine the project targets and are, therefore, able to exercise complete control on the outcome of these projects. Berkun argues that enables the various projects to be designed according to departmental needs (78). In addition, the feeling of having absolute control over projects encourages creativity and offers a favorable work environment (Kloppenborg 103). Research indicates that decisions can be made quicker when people share similar perspectives than when they differ fundamentally. This model, therefore, leads to faster decisions and leaves little room for antagonism since the decisions are always made by an authoritative figure at Wegman’s supermarkets. Because this model clusters people of similar professions and ideals together, it encourages free communication between them. This leads to knowledge and skill sharing among the supermarket’s staff (Kloppenborg 104). Rather than spend unnecessarily on expensive capacity building workshops, the supermarket uses its experienced senior managers and supervisors to offer apprenticeship trainings to the less experienced employees. This leads to a more comprehensive and solid project execution. Wegman’s Supermarkets follow a functional structure because it gives the other team members a definite and clear corporate ladder for the supermarket’s employees to pursue. Because project managers are mostly drawn from a pool of experts in various domains, these managers are exceptionally gifted in their fields and this makes it easy for them

Argument Essay - Illegalize Alcohol Essay Example for Free

Argument Essay Illegalize Alcohol Essay Our country is facing a growing problem. It is a problem of moral decay. The legal and open use of alcohol is an unnecessary vice that is enjoyed and accepted by a majority of the United States population, unfortunately, it leads to social and moral downfalls. Alcohol should be held to the same standards as other illegal mind and body-altering substances, as alcohol is addicting and has no medical value. Lawmakers and active voters should put an outright ban on alcohol. The revenue that is generated from the manufacturing, distributing, and sales of alcohol is a major source of taxable income that is a benefit. As of 2007 the U. S. Government was collecting $5. 6 billion dollars annually from the taxation of alcohol (joshritchie). This revenue has tended to increase each and every year. Although the revenue is important, the question must be asked, is it moral? Is it moral for our government to profit off the sale of a frivolous vice that causes fatalities and creates addicts? The revenue that is made from the taxation of alcohol could be lost, and would simply increase our never-ending national debt by a miniscule amount. Through out history our country has faced several social epidemics that have resulted in many people becoming substance abusers. Though these times our government has stepped in and enforced laws to restore the moral and social fabric of the infected areas. The current epidemic that we are facing is the abuse of alcohol. It is widespread and available almost everywhere in our country. â€Å"According to the Alcohol-Related Disease Impact (ARDI) tool, from 2001–2005, there were approximately 79,000 deaths annually attributable to excessive alcohol use. † (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Beyond the number of the deaths that are related to alcohol every year, a staggering number of people in the United States are alcoholics. According to the National Library of Medicine, â€Å"nearly 17. 6 million adults in the United States are alcoholics or have alcohol problems†. (U. S. National Library of Medicine) We need to completely ban alcohol so that we can start working on decreasing the number of addicts in our country rather than encourage the use to every single person just as he or she turns a certain age. The United States government has already tried to ban alcohol in the past, it was a complete failure and subsequently repealed. This attempt resulted in a spike in organized crime and was an obvious failure. Eventually the government conceded and re-legalized the use of alcohol. I too will concede that it was a failure on the part of our government in enforcing the prohibition of alcohol. Even today we are fighting the exact same battle by the DEA with the Controlled Substances Act. There is already a long list of illegal substances that are given priorities and schedules and are subsequently enforced. It would not be a stretch to incorporate alcohol into this list of illegal drugs. Many would assert that it would be difficult to enforce the mere consumption and manufacturing of small amounts of alcohol by individuals in there own homes. It is a very simple process to either brew low alcohol content drinks or to distill higher alcohol content spirits. The enforcing of these laws would be similar to current laws of cannabis cultivation. These laws would seem just as hard to enforce, yet they are enforced. The manufacturing of homemade alcohol could be given the same fear of punishment and could be enforced on incident-to-incident bases. Alcohol has the tendency to increase the probability of someone committing a violent crime. If alcohol were banned and harder to get a hold of this number of crimes would greatly diminish. The National Center for Victims of Crime has referenced the U. S. Department of Justice concerning drug and alcohol related crimes. The report states, â€Å"The U. S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics National Crime Victimization Survey asks the violent crime victims who reported seeing their offenders whether they perceived the offender to be under the influence of drugs or alcohol. According to the 1999 survey, over a quarter of the violent crime victims could make such a determination. About twenty-eight percent (28%) of those reported that the offender was under the influence of alcohol and/or drugs. The most common substance identified was alcohol alone. About sixteen percent (16%) reported that the offender was under the influence of alcohol alone (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2001). † (The National Center for Victims of Crime) This only takes into account the victims that were able to see their offender; this means that there are possibly more unaccounted for alcohol related crimes. The legal and open use of alcohol as a vice is leading to the downfall of our society. It is creating addicts while not offering a single practical medical benefit. The United States Government has already invested time, money, and effort to enforcing its Controlled Substances Act. Alcohol should be held to the same standards as all other physically altering substances are held to. Alcohol poses the risk of dependence and has no beneficial medical value. In order to start the moral fabric of our country we need to do away with the crime inducing substance alcohol. Lawmakers and active voters, it is our duty to hold our selves to higher standards and completely abolish the manufacturing, sale, and use of alcohol. Works Cited Alcoholism: MedlinePlus. National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health. 25 Aug. 2011. Web. 01 Dec. 2011. http://www. nlm. nih. gov/medlineplus/alcoholism. html. CDC Alcohol and Public Health Home Page Alcohol. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 16 Nov. 2011. Web. 01 Dec. 2011. http://www. cdc. gov/alcohol/. Drug Related Crime. The National Center for Victims of Crime. 2008. Web. 1 Dec. 2011. http://www. ncvc. org/ncvc/main. aspx? dbName=DocumentViewerDocumentID=32348. Joshritchie. How Much Is the Government Making Off of Alcohol? | Tax Break: The TurboTax Blog. Tax Break: The TurboTax Blog | Its All about the Refund. 5 July 2010. Web. 01 Dec. 2011. http://blog. turbotax. intuit. com/2010/07/05/how-much-is-the-government-mak